Editing CIM-10 Bomarc (section)

===Canada===
The Bomarc Missile Program was highly controversial in Canada.<ref name="Canadian Crisis">
{{cite encyclopedia
 |title=Bomarc Missile Crisis 
 |last=Buteux 
 |first=Paul 
 |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/bomarc-missile-crisis 
 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia 
 |publisher=Historica Foundation, 2012 
 |access-date=11 August 2012 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121070255/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/bomarc-missile-crisis
 |archive-date=21 January 2013
 |location=Toronto 
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref> The [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] government of [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[John Diefenbaker]] initially agreed to deploy the missiles, and shortly thereafter controversially scrapped the [[Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow|Avro Arrow]], a supersonic manned interceptor aircraft, arguing that the missile program made the Arrow unnecessary.<ref name="Canadian Crisis" />

Initially, it was unclear whether the missiles would be equipped with nuclear warheads. By 1960 it became known that the missiles were to have a nuclear payload, and a debate ensued about whether Canada should accept nuclear weapons.<ref name="Dief the Chief defeated">
{{cite news
 |title=Voice of Women protest nuclear testing 
 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/war-conflict/defence/defence-general/voice-of-women-protest-nuclear-testing.html 
 |access-date=11 August 2012 
 |newspaper=CBC News, 26 March 2012 
 |author=CBC Digital Archives 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103063818/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/war-conflict/defence/defence-general/voice-of-women-protest-nuclear-testing.html
 |archive-date=3 November 2013
 |location=Toronto 
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref> Ultimately, the Diefenbaker government decided that the Bomarcs should not be equipped with nuclear warheads.<ref name="Dief's Cabinet Split">
{{cite web
 |title=The Nuclear Question in Canada (1957–1963) 
 |url=https://www.usask.ca/diefenbaker/galleries/virtual_exhibit/nuclear_question_in_canada/index.php 
 |work=Diefenbaker Canada Centre 
 |publisher=University of Saskatchewan 
 |access-date=11 August 2012 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420001736/http://www.usask.ca/diefenbaker/galleries/virtual_exhibit/nuclear_question_in_canada/index.php
 |archive-date=20 April 2012
 |location=Regina, Saskatchewan 
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref> The dispute split the Diefenbaker [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]], and led to the collapse of the government in 1963.<ref name="Dief's Cabinet Split" /> The Official Opposition and [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] leader [[Lester B. Pearson]] originally was against nuclear missiles, but reversed his personal position and argued in favour of accepting nuclear warheads.<ref name="Pearson flip-flops">
{{cite news
 |title=Cold War Canada: The Voice of Women 
 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP15CH1PA4LE.html 
 |work=Canada: A People's History, 2001 
 |publisher=CBC 
 |access-date=11 August 2012 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102014418/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP15CH1PA4LE.html
 |archive-date=2 January 2012
 |location=Toronto 
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref> He won the [[1963 Canadian federal election|1963 election]], largely on the basis of this issue, and his new Liberal government proceeded to accept nuclear-armed Bomarcs, with the first being deployed on 31 December 1963.<ref name="Nukes Arrive">"Special to The Star: Canada's Bomarcs get atom warheads." ''The Toronto Daily Star,'' 2 January 1964, pp. 1, 4.</ref> When the nuclear warheads were deployed, Pearson's wife, Maryon, resigned her honorary membership in the anti-nuclear weapons group, Voice of Women.<ref name="Dief the Chief defeated" />

Canadian operational deployment of the Bomarc involved the formation of two specialized Surface/Air Missile squadrons. The first to begin operations was No. 446 SAM Squadron at [[CFB North Bay#BOMARC|RCAF Station North Bay]], which was the command and control center for both squadrons.<ref name="Nukes Arrive" /> With construction of the compound and related facilities completed in 1961, the squadron received its Bomarcs in 1961, without nuclear warheads.<ref name="Nukes Arrive" /> The squadron became fully operational from 31 December 1963, when the nuclear warheads arrived, until disbanding on 31 March 1972. All the warheads were stored separately and under control of Detachment 1 of the USAF 425th Munitions Maintenance Squadron at [[Stewart Air National Guard Base|Stewart Air Force Base]]. During operational service, the Bomarcs were maintained on stand-by, on a 24-hour basis, but were never fired, although the squadron test-fired the missiles at Eglin AFB, Florida on annual winter retreats.<ref name="No. 446">Nicks et al. 1997, pp. 84–85.</ref>

No. 447 SAM Squadron operating out of RCAF Station [[La Macaza, Quebec]], was activated on 15 September 1962 although warheads were not delivered until late 1963. The squadron followed the same operational procedures as No. 446, its sister squadron. With the passage of time the operational capability of the 1950s-era Bomarc system no longer met modern requirements; the Department of National Defence deemed that the Bomarc missile defense was no longer a viable system, and ordered both squadrons to be stood down in 1972. The bunkers and ancillary facilities remain at both former sites.<ref name="No. 447">Nicks et al. 1997, pp. 85–87.</ref>