Editing Centrifugation (section)

===Differential centrifugation===
[[Differential centrifugation]] is the simplest method of fractionation by centrifugation,<ref name="Graham"/> commonly used to separate organelles and membranes found in cells. Organelles generally differ from each other in density and in size, making the use of differential centrifugation, and centrifugation in general, possible. The organelles can then be identified by testing for indicators that are unique to the specific organelles.<ref name="Ballou"/> The most widely used application of this technique is to produce crude subcellular fractions from a tissue homogenate such as that from rat liver.<ref name="Graham"/> Particles of different densities or sizes in a suspension are sedimented at different rates, with the larger and denser particles sedimenting faster. These sedimentation rates can be increased by using centrifugal force.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frei |first1=Mark |title=Centrifugation Separations |url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/centrifugation-separations.html |website=Sigma-Aldrich |access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>

A suspension of cells is subjected to a series of increasing centrifugal force cycles to produce a series of pellets comprising cells with a declining sedimentation rate. Homogenate includes nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, plasma membrane sheets and a broad range of vesicles derived from a number of intracellular membrane compartments and also from the plasma membrane, typically in a buffered medium.<ref name="Graham"/>