Editing Circumnavigation (section)

==Notable circumnavigations==
{{Main|List of circumnavigations}}
{{more citations needed|section|date=May 2017}}
[[File:NaoVictoria.JPG|thumb|A replica of Magellan and Elcano's ''[[Victoria (ship)|Nao Victoria]]'', the first vessel to circumnavigate the planet]]
[[File:2010 09 05 Planit Solar 1.JPG|thumb|300px|In 2012, the Swiss boat ''[[Tûranor PlanetSolar|PlanetSolar]]'' became the first [[solar electric vehicle]] to circumnavigate the globe.]]

===Maritime===
* The [[Crown of Castile|Castilian]] ('Spanish') [[Timeline of Magellan's circumnavigation|Magellan-Elcano expedition]] of August 1519 to 8 September 1522, started by Portuguese navigator [[Ferdinand Magellan|Fernão de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan)]] and completed by Spanish Basque navigator [[Juan Sebastián Elcano]] after Magellan's death, was the first global circumnavigation<ref>{{cite book|first=Gloria Pilar |last= Totoricagüena|title=Basque Diaspora: Migration And Transnational Identity|publisher=University of Nevada Press|year=2005|isbn=9781877802454|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xy6p3D4AoTIC|access-date=8 March 2013|page=132}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Magellan's Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation. |first1= Antonio |last1= Pigafetta |first2= Raleigh Ashlin |last2= Skelton |publisher= Courier Dover Publications |year= 1994 |isbn= 978-0-486-28099-8}}{{page needed|date=July 2014}}</ref> (see [[Victoria (ship)|''Victoria'']]).
* The survivors of [[García Jofre de Loaísa]]'s Spanish expedition 1525–1536, including [[Andrés de Urdaneta]] and Hans von Aachen, who was also one of the 18 survivors of Magellan's expedition, making him the first to circumnavigate the world twice.
* [[Francis Drake]] carried out the second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition (and on a single independent voyage), from 1577 to 1580.<ref>{{cite book|last=Coote |first=Stephen |date=2003 |title=Drake: The Life and Legend of an Elizabethan Hero |location=New York |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books |isbn=978-0-312-34165-7}}</ref>
* [[Jeanne Baret]] is the first woman to complete a voyage of circumnavigation, in 1766–1769.<ref>{{citation |title=Monsieur Baret: First Woman Around the World |first=John |last=Dunmore |publisher=Heritage Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-908708-54-3}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Discovery of Jeanne Baret |first=Glynis |last=Ridley |publisher=Crown Publisher New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-307-46352-4}}</ref>
* [[John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)|John Hunter]] commanded the first ship to circumnavigate the World starting from Australia, between 2 September 1788 and 8 May 1789, with one stop in Cape Town to load supplies for the colony of New South Wales.<ref>Hunter, John, [http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ozlit/pdf/hunhist.pdf An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island], John Stockdale, London, 1793</ref>
* {{HMS|Driver|1840|6}} completed the first circumnavigation by a steam ship in 1845–1847. 
* The Spanish frigate ''[[Spanish ironclad Numancia|Numancia]]'', commanded by Juan Bautista Antequera y Bobadilla, completed the first circumnavigation by an [[ironclad]] in 1865–1867.
* [[Joshua Slocum]] completed the first [[single-handed sailing|single-handed]] circumnavigation in 1895–1898.
* In 1942, [[Vito Dumas]] became the first person to single-handedly circumnavigate the globe along the [[Roaring Forties]].
* In 1960, the U.S. Navy nuclear-powered submarine {{USS|Triton|SSRN-586}} completed the [[Operation Sandblast|submerged circumnavigation]].
* In 1969, [[Robin Knox-Johnston]] became the first person to complete a single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.
* In 1999, [[Jesse Martin]] became the youngest recognized person to complete an unassisted, non-stop, circumnavigation, at the age of 18.
* In 2001, the U.S. Coast Guard {{ USCGC|Sherman|WHEC-720}} became the first Coast Guard vessel to circumnavigate the globe.
* In 2012, [[Tûranor PlanetSolar|''PlanetSolar'']] became the first ever [[solar electric vehicle]] to circumnavigate the globe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webster|first=Andrew|date=2012-05-04|title=PlanetSolar completes first solar-powered boat trip around the globe|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/4/2999750/planetsolar-solar-powered-boat-trip|access-date=2020-12-18|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref>
* In 2012, [[Laura Dekker]] became the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe single-handed, with stops, at the age of 16.
* In 2017, trimaran ''[[IDEC 3]]'' with sailors: [[Francis Joyon]], [[Alex Pella]], Clément Surtel, Gwénolé Gahinet, Sébastien Audigane and Bernard Stamm completes the fastest circumnavigation of the globe ever; in 40 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds. The voyage followed the North Atlantic Ocean, Equator, South Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Equator, North Atlantic Ocean route in an easterly direction.
* In 2022, the [[Witherby Publishing Group#MV Astra|''MV Astra'']], a former [[Swedish Sea Rescue Society]] ship became the first sub-24m motor-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe via the southern capes.<ref name="AstraMBY">{{cite web|url=https://www.mby.com/news/meet-the-british-skipper-and-his-converted-lifeboat-aiming-for-a-new-world-record-118945 | title=Iain Macneil and converted lifeboat MV Astra set new world record | date=16 May 2022 |publisher=Motorboat & Yachting|access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="TheTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/sailors-epic-global-voyage-sets-record-2x02hb27c | title=Sailor Iain Macneil's epic global voyage sets record |work=[[The Times]]| access-date=19 May 2022| last1=Merritt | first1=Mike }}</ref>

===Aviation===
* [[United States Army Air Service]], 1924, [[first aerial circumnavigation]], 175&nbsp;days, covering {{convert|44360|km|mi}}, with examples of the [[Douglas World Cruiser]] biplane.
* In 1949, the ''[[Lucky Lady II]]'', a [[Boeing B-50 Superfortress]] of the U.S. Air Force, commanded by Captain James Gallagher, became the first aeroplane to circle the world non-stop (by refueling the plane in flight). Total time airborne was 94 hours and one minute.
* In 1957, three [[United States Air Force]] [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress]]es made the [[Operation Power Flite|first non-stop jet-aircraft circumnavigation]] in 45 hours and 19 minutes, with two in-air refuelings.
* In 1964, [[Jerrie Mock|Geraldine "Jerrie" Mock]] was the first woman to fly solo around the world.
* In 1986, [[Dick Rutan]] and [[Jeana Yeager]] made the first non-refueled circumnavigation in an airplane ([[Rutan Voyager]]), in 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds.
* In 1999, [[Bertrand Piccard]] and [[Brian Jones (aeronaut)|Brian Jones]], achieved the first non-stop [[Balloon (aircraft)|balloon]] circumnavigation in ''[[Breitling Orbiter 3]]''.
* In 2002, [[Steve Fossett]], after flying on the ''Spirit of Freedom'' balloon gondola, became the first person to fly around the world alone, nonstop in any kind of aircraft. Fossett's sole source of aid was a control center in [[Brookings Hall]] of [[Washington University in St. Louis]].
* In 2005, [[Steve Fossett]], flying a [[Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer]], set the current record for fastest aerial circumnavigation (first non-stop, non-refueled solo circumnavigation in an airplane) in 67 hours, covering 37,000 kilometers.
* In 2014, [[Matt Guthmiller]] became the youngest person to solo circumnavigate by air at age 19 years, 7 months, and 15 days.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Penberthy |first1=Natsumi |title=Teen makes youngest round-the-world solo flight |url=https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2014/07/matt-guthmiller-becomes-youngest-solo-flyer-around-the-world/ |access-date=8 September 2020 |work=Australian Geographic |date=17 July 2014}}</ref>
* In 2016, [[Bertrand Piccard]] and [[André Borschberg]] completed the first [[solar-powered aircraft]] circumnavigation of the world in ''[[Solar Impulse]] 2''.
* In 2020, One More Orbit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/speed-record-circumnavigate-intl-scli/index.html|title = Flight crew breaks record for circumnavigating globe via both poles|website = [[CNN]]| date=11 July 2019 }}</ref> completed the fastest circumnavigation via both geographic poles in a Gulfstream G650ER.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-circumnavigation-via-both-poles-by-aeroplane|title = Fastest circumnavigation via both Poles by aeroplane| date=11 July 2019 }}</ref> 
* In 2020, [[Robert DeLaurentis (aviator)|Robert DeLaurentis]] and his twin-engine aircraft "Citizen of the World" became the first pilot and plane to successfully use biofuels over the North and South poles.

===Land===
* In 1841–1842 Sir [[George Simpson (Pre-Confederation Canada politician and trader)|George Simpson]] made the first "land circumnavigation", crossing Canada and Siberia and returning to London.
* [[Ranulph Fiennes]] and [[Charles_R._Burton|Charlie Burton]] are credited with the first north–south circumnavigation of the Earth.<ref name="transglobe"/>

===Human===
* On 13 June 2003, [[Robert Garside]] completed the first recognized run around the world, taking {{frac|5|1|2}} years; the run was authenticated in 2007 by ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' after five years of verification.<ref>{{cite press release |url= https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:V5wI2K5loskJ:www.guinnessworldrecords.com/mediazone/pdfs/news/070327_Earliest_Run_around_the_World.pdf+robert+garside+guinness+world+records&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYDAaXJ4u9SS-hljTJnM-oNd2ElGFjlgz1GiVkdIbusTJTa8SU_fGHkC2e-NgqVLg7kXTahtZRcz6bsaWAb6fsy1iY3Rxahbg5HdlMpC9JS5qdrVXJEwmhLagUDStZ1BYbWsGl&sig=AHIEtbQn8bz04_0Tb97HHmPjoC4JcKjfKg |format= PDF
|title= The first fully-authenticated run around the world record has just been accepted |publisher= Guinness World Records |quote= Although Robert's record attempt finished in 2003, it has taken 5 years to collate and confirm the record evidence [...] We are very cautious to accept records like this because they are difficult to certify, however Robert has provided us with full evidence which enabled us to authenticate his amazing achievement. We initially evaluated 15 boxes full of credit card statements, receipts in Robert's name and other useful evidence, which supported Robert's presence in all of the 29 countries within the time specified. We then moved on to establish whether Robert had actually been running and started to look through an astronomical number of pictures and newspaper cuttings from different parts of Robert's route. We also reviewed over 300 time-coded tapes featuring Robert running at different locations during his journey. We could finally double check the route followed through statements from several witnesses, and passports stamps and visas...}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/mediazone/pdfs/news/070327_Earliest_Run_around_the_World.pdf | title = The first fully authenticated run around the world record has just been accepted | publisher = Guinness World records | access-date = 29 September 2009}}</ref>
* On 6 October 2007, [[Jason Lewis (adventurer)|Jason Lewis]] completed the first human-powered circumnavigation of the globe (including human-powered sea crossings).<ref name="Guinness World Records"/><ref name="AdventureStats"/>
* On 21 July 2012, [[Erden Eruç]] completed the first entirely ''solo'' human-powered circumnavigation of the globe.<ref name=gwr2/><ref name=psd/>
* On 4 April 2024, Latvian adventurer [[kārlis Bardelis]] completed a 2,898-day human-powered circumnavigation of the globe that involved rowing 46,326km and cycling 11,972km.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://explorersweb.com/karlis-bardelis-completes-round-the-world-trip-2/ | title=Karlis Bardelis Completes Round-The-World Trip » Explorersweb | date=8 April 2024 }}</ref>