Editing Commander (section)

===United States===
{{main|Commander (United States)}}
In the [[United States Navy]], [[United States Coast Guard]], [[United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps]], and [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps]], commander (abbreviated "CDR") is a senior-grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-5. Commander ranks above [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|lieutenant commander]] (O-4) and below [[Captain (United States O-6)|captain]]. (O-6). Commander is equivalent to the rank of [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] in the [[United States Army]], [[United States Air Force]], [[United States Marine Corps]], and [[United States Space Force]]. Notably, commander is the first rank at which the holder wears an embellished cap, whereas officers of the other military services are entitled to embellishment of similar headgear at O-4 rank.

Promotion to commander in the U.S. Navy is governed by [[United States Department of Defense]] policies derived from the [[Defense Officer Personnel Management Act]] (DOPMA) of 1980 or its companion [[Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act]] (ROPMA). DOPMA/ROPMA guidelines suggest that 70% of lieutenant commanders should be promoted to commander after serving a minimum of three years at their present rank and after attaining 15 to 17 years of cumulative commissioned service, although this percentage may vary and be appreciably less for certain officer designators (i.e., primary "specialties") depending on defense budgets, force structure, and the needs of the service.