Editing Compulsory sterilization (section)

=== Brazil ===
During the 1970s–80s, the U.S. government sponsored family planning campaigns in Brazil, although sterilization was illegal at the time there.<ref name=":8" /> Dalsgaard examined sterilization practices in Brazil; analyzing the choices of women who opt for this type of reproductive healthcare in order to prevent future pregnancies and so they can accurately plan their families.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Matters of Life and Longing: Female Sterilisation in Northeast Brazil|last=Dalsgaard|first=Anne Line|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press|year=2004}}</ref> While many women choose this form of contraception, there are many societal factors that impact this decision, such as poor economic circumstances, low rates of employment, and Catholic religious mandates that stipulate sterilization as less harmful than abortion.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reproductive and Sexual Rights: A Feminist Perspective |last1=Corrêa |author1-link=Sonia Corrêa |last2=Petchesky |first1=Sonia |first2= Rosalind |author2-link=Rosalind Petchesky |publisher=Routledge |year=1994 |location=United Kingdom |pages=134–147}}</ref>

An important case in the legal history of compulsory sterilization in Brazil is the 2018 São Paulo case.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Almeida|first1=Marina Nogueira|last2=Silva|first2=Adalene Ferreira Figueiredo da|date=2019-07-10|title=Voluntary and Compulsory Sterilization in Brazil and the Reproductive Rights of Women|url=https://riviste.unige.it/index.php/aboutgender/article/view/1056|journal=AG About Gender - Rivista internazionale di studi di genere|language=en|volume=8|issue=15|doi=10.15167/2279-5057/AG2019.8.15.1056|issn=2279-5057}}</ref> Prosecutors filed to have a mother of eight forcibly sterilized after she was arrested on charges of drug trafficking.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2018-06-21|title=Court-ordered sterilization investigated in Brazil|url=https://apnews.com/article/05722c77e51e4897aec3b85943102d60|access-date=2021-04-08|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> This motion was justified by the mother's poverty, substance abuse disorder, and inability to care for her children, and the judge ruled in favor of sterilization.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who decides over Janaina's body? A case of forced sterilization in Brazil|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/democraciaabierta/who-decides-over-janaina-s-body-case-of-forced-sterilizati/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> The surgery was carried out, reportedly against the woman's will.<ref name=":6" /> Legal experts discussing the case have stated the sterilization of a woman in Brazil is legal when determined absolutely necessary, but it is not clear what qualifies as necessary.<ref name=":6" />