Editing Consonant mutation (section)

=== Russian ===
In [[Russian language|Russian]], consonant mutation and [[alternation (linguistics)|alternations]] are a very common phenomenon during [[word formation]], [[Grammatical conjugation|conjugation]] and in [[comparative adjective]]s.

The most common classes of mutations are the alternation between [[velar consonant|velar]] and [[postalveolar consonant]]s:
* {{lang|ru|к}} {{IPA|/k/}} → {{lang|ru|ч}} {{IPA|/tɕ/}}
* {{lang|ru|г}} {{IPA|/ɡ/}} → {{lang|ru|ж}} {{IPA|/ʐ/}}
* {{lang|ru|х}} {{IPA|/x/}} → {{lang|ru|ш}} {{IPA|/ʂ/}}, as in {{lang|ru|{{linktext|тихий}}}} "quiet" and {{linktext|тише}} "quieter"
*Gain or loss of [[Palatalization (sound change)|palatalization]]: {{lang|ru|{{linktext|царь}}}} "[[tsar]]" and {{lang|ru|{{linktext|царский}}}} "of the tsar" (adjective)

Other common mutations are:
*{{lang|ru|т}} {{IPA|/t/}} → {{lang|ru|ч}} {{IPA|/tɕ/}} (or less frequently щ {{IPA|/ɕː/}}), {{lang|ru|д}} {{IPA|/d/}} → {{lang|ru|ж}} {{IPA|/ʐ/}}
*{{lang|ru|з}} {{IPA|/z/}} → {{lang|ru|ж}} {{IPA|/ʐ/}}, {{lang|ru|с}} {{IPA|/s/}} → {{lang|ru|ш}} {{IPA|/ʂ/}}, {{lang|ru|ц}} {{IPA|/ts/}} → {{lang|ru|ч}} {{IPA|/tɕ/}}
*{{lang|ru|ск}} {{IPA|/sk/}} → {{lang|ru|щ}} {{IPA|/ɕː/}}: плеск → плещет "splash" / "(he) splashes", {{lang|ru|ст}} {{IPA|/st/}} → {{lang|ru|щ}} {{IPA|/ɕː/}}: свистеть → свищу "to whistle" / "I whistle"