Editing Control Yuan (section)

=== Establishment and relocation to Taiwan ===
[[File:Control Yuan Building 20050702.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Control Yuan building, built in 1915 when [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan was under Japanese rule]] as the governmental building of [[Taihoku Prefecture]].]]

In the early [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|republican era]], the [[Beiyang government]] was in favor of the traditional three-branch form of [[separation of powers]]. However, a weak culture of [[republicanism]] and, later, the [[Warlord Era]] suppressed the implementation of this constitutional ideology.

After a successful [[Northern Expedition]] campaign, the [[Kuomintang]] secured its leadership in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and started to build the [[Nationalist government]] according to [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s ideology. Five branches (''Yuan''s) were created under the [[Kuomintang]]'s [[One-party state|party-state]] administration. During this time, the Auditing Yuan ({{zh|t=審計院|p=Shěnjì Yuàn}}) was established in February 1928, but in February 1931, the Control Yuan was established and the Auditing Yuan was downgraded to the current ministry-level National Audit Office within the Control Yuan.<ref name="cy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cy.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=6036&CtNode=989&mp=21|title=The Control Yuan of the Republic of China|access-date=2016-05-24|archive-date=2016-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611151200/http://www.cy.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=6036&CtNode=989&mp=21|url-status=live}}</ref> The creation of Control Yuan on 16 February 1931 was the last establishment of the five-''Yuan''s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Herbert Han-pao|title=The Chinese Control Yuan: An Independent Supervisory Organ of the State|journal=Washington University Law Review|volume=1963|issue=4|pages=402}}</ref>

However, the 1947 [[Constitution of the Republic of China]], although retaining the architecture of the five-branch government, changed the Control Yuan to be a [[parliament]] [[Legislative chamber|chamber]]. Under the constitution, members of the Yuan (by now senators ''de facto'') were elected from regional [[legislature]]s: 5 from each [[provinces of China|province]], 2 from each [[Direct-administered municipalities of China|direct-administered municipality]], 8 from [[Outer Mongolia|Mongolia]] (by 1948 only the Inner Mongolian provinces were represented), 8 from [[Tibet]], and 8 from the [[overseas Chinese]] communities. As originally envisioned both the [[List of Presidents of the Control Yuan|President]] and [[List of Vice Presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President]] of the Control Yuan were to be elected by and from the members like the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]] of many other [[parliament]]ary bodies worldwide. Following the [[promulgation]] of the ''Constitution'', the 178 first Control Yuan senators elected by the regional [[legislature]]s convened in [[Nanjing|Nanking]] on June 4, 1948, for the opening of their chamber.<ref name="cy" /> The first Control Yuan then confirmed the leaders and members of the first [[Judicial Yuan]] and [[Examination Yuan]]. The transition from [[one-party state]] [[Nationalist government]] to [[Government of the Republic of China|constitutional government]] was hence completed.

However, a year later, the [[Kuomintang]]-led [[government of the Republic of China]] lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] and [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated to]] [[Taiwan]] in December 1949. [[Taiwan]] had been [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|under Japanese rule]] before August 15, 1945; as a result of [[World War II]], the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] [[Republic of China Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] occupied [[Taiwan]] on behalf of the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. The government established [[Taiwan Province]] to mark its annexation of [[Taiwan]]. There were 104 members who retreated to Taiwan with the government, including 5 senators from Taiwan. The Control Yuan occupied the former governmental building of [[Taihoku Prefecture]] in the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese era]]. The term of the retreated senators was extended indefinitely until "re-election is possible in their original [[electoral district]]." During this era, the first Control Yuan members continued to conduct sessions in [[Taipei]] until they were ordered to retire by the [[Judicial Yuan]] (Constitutional Court) in 1991.

With the reduction of members due to age, elections were held from 1969 to 1986 to elect new senators to the Yuan from Taiwan, and the cities of Taipei and Kaoshung were soon represented.

Until 1993, the Control Yuan's legislative work was limited to helping to audit the national budget, which would then be presented to the Legislative Yuan. The other actions the then chamber took were its impeachment, confirmation and censure powers, applied whenever necessary.