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Convergent evolution
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====Cone snail and fish insulin==== ''[[Conus geographus]]'' produces a distinct form of [[insulin]] that is more similar to fish insulin protein sequences than to insulin from more closely related molluscs, suggesting convergent evolution,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Safavi-Hemami |first1=Helena |last2=Gajewiak |first2=Joanna |last3=Karanth |first3=Santhosh |last4=Robinson |first4=Samuel D. |last5=Ueberheide |first5=Beatrix |last6=Douglass |first6=Adam D. |last7=Schlegel |first7=Amnon |last8=Imperial |first8=Julita S. |last9=Watkins |first9=Maren |last10=Bandyopadhyay |first10=Pradip K. |last11=Yandell |first11=Mark |last12=Li |first12=Qing |last13=Purcell |first13=Anthony W. |last14=Norton |first14=Raymond S. |last15=Ellgaard |first15=Lars |last16=Olivera |first16=Baldomero M. |display-authors=3 |title=Specialized insulin is used for chemical warfare by fish-hunting cone snails |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=10 February 2015 |volume=112 |issue=6 |pages=1743β1748 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1423857112|pmid=25605914 |pmc=4330763 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.1743S |doi-access=free }}</ref> though with the possibility of [[horizontal gene transfer]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Evidence for a natural gene-transfer from the ponyfish to its bioluminescent bacterial symbiont ''Photobacter leiognathi'' β the close relationship between bacteriocuprein and the copper-zinc superoxide-dismutase of teleost fishes |last1=Martin |first1=J. P. |last2=Fridovich |first2=I. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |year=1981 |volume=256 |issue=12 |pages=6080β6089 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69131-3 |pmid=6787049 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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