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Crew resource management
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===Firefighting=== Following its successful use in aviation training, CRM was identified as a potential safety improvement program for the fire services. Ted Putnam advocated for improved attention to human factors that contribute to accidents and near misses, building on CRM principles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Bill |date=2004-12-07 |title=Leaders We Would Like to Meet: Interview with Ted Putnam |url=https://www.nwcg.gov/sites/default/files/wfldp/docs/ted-putnam.pdf |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=Wildland Fire Leadership Development Program}}</ref> In 1995, Dr. Putnam organized the first Human Factors Workshop for wildland fire.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Putnam |first=Ted |date=November 1995 |orig-year=Updated July 1996 |title=Findings from the Wildland Firefighters Human Factors Workshop. 9551-2855-MTDC |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf95512855/pdf95512855pt01.pdf |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA-USFS}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Dr. Putnam also wrote a paper that applied CRM concepts to the violent deaths of 14 [[Wildland]] firefighters on the [[South Canyon Fire]] in Colorado.{{citation needed|date=January 2022|reason=BLP}} From this paper, a movement was initiated in the Wildland and Structural Fire Services to apply CRM concepts to emergency response situations. Various programs have since been developed to train emergency responders in these concepts and to help track breakdowns in these stressful environments.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} The [[International Association of Fire Chiefs]] published its first CRM manual for the fire service in 2001. It is currently{{when|date=February 2021}} in its third edition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iafc.org/topics-and-tools/resources/resource/crew-resource-management|title=Crew Resource Management|website=www.iafc.org}}</ref> Several industry-specific textbooks have also been published.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
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