Editing Digit ratio (section)

==Other animals==
* Dennis McFadden and collaborators have demonstrated sexual dimorphism in hind limb digit ratio in a number of [[great apes]], including gorillas and chimpanzees.<ref name = "McFadden_2002"/>
* Emma Nelson and Susanne Shultz are currently investigating how 2D:4D relates to primate mating strategies and the evolution of human sociality.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Shultz S, Opie C, Nelson E, Atkinson QD, Dunbar RI  |chapter=Evolution of Primate Social Systems: Implications for Hominin Social Evolution |pages=317–405 |chapter-url={{Google books|VEakAgAAQBAJ|page=317|plainurl=yes}} | veditors = Dunbar RI, Gamble C, Gowlett JA |year=2014 |title=Lucy to Language: The Benchmark Papers |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-965259-4 }}</ref>
* Nancy Burley's research group has demonstrated sexual dimorphism in [[zebra finch]]es, and found a correlation between digit ratio in females and the strength of their preference for sexually selected traits in males.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Burley NT | title = An eye for detail: selective sexual imprinting in zebra finches | journal = Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution | volume = 60 | issue = 5 | pages = 1076–1085 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16817546 | doi = 10.1554/05-399.1 | s2cid = 28869542 | jstor = 4095408 }}</ref>
* Alžbeta Talarovičová and collaborators found in rats that elevated testosterone during the prenatal period can influence 4D length, the 2D:4D ratio, and open field motor activity.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Talarovicová A, Krsková L, Blazeková J | title = Testosterone enhancement during pregnancy influences the 2D:4D ratio and open field motor activity of rat siblings in adulthood | journal = Hormones and Behavior | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | pages = 235–239 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19022257 | doi = 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.10.010 | s2cid = 23727819 }}</ref>
* [[Peter L. Hurd]], [[Theodore Garland Jr.]], and their students have examined hindlimb 2D:4D in lines of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior (see [[experimental evolution]]). These high-runner mice exhibit increased 2D:4D in contradiction to the correlation between digit ratio and physical fitness in human beings, suggesting that 2D:4D may not be a clear proxy for prenatal androgen exposure in mice. The authors suggest that 2D:4D may more accurately reflect the effect of glucocorticoids or other factors that regulate any of various genes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yan RH, Malisch JL, Hannon RM, Hurd PL, Garland T | title = Selective breeding for a behavioral trait changes digit ratio | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 9 | pages = e3216 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18797502 | pmc = 2528935 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0003216 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.3216Y }}</ref>
* In [[pheasant]]s, the ratio of the 2nd to 4th digit of the foot has been shown to be influenced by manipulations of testosterone in the [[Egg (biology)|egg]].<ref name="Romano_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Romano M, Leoni B, Saino N | title = Examination marks of male university students positively correlate with finger length ratios (2D:4D) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-psychology_2006-02_71_2/page/175 | journal = Biological Psychology | volume = 71 | issue = 2 | pages = 175–182 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 15978716 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.03.006 | s2cid = 39777964 }}</ref>
* Studies in mice indicate that prenatal androgen influences 2D:4D primarily by promoting growth of the fourth digit.<ref name="Zheng_2011" />