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Direct democracy
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=== Direct democracy by country === {{Main|Referendums by country}} The strength of direct democracy in individual countries can be quantitatively compared by the Citizen-initiated component of direct popular vote index in [[V-Dem Democracy indices]].<ref name="v-dem">[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3066654 Sigman, Rachel, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Neopatrimonialism and democracy: An empirical investigation of Africa's political regimes." V-Dem Working Paper 56 (2017).]</ref> A higher index indicates more direct democracy popular initiatives and referendums, shown below for individual countries. Only countries with index above 0 are shown. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! Country !! Citizen-initiated component of direct popular vote index for 2021<ref name="v-dem"/> |- | {{flaglist| Albania }} || 0.077 |- | {{flaglist| Bolivia }} || 0.078 |- | {{flaglist| Bulgaria }} || 0.292 |- | {{flaglist| Cape Verde }} || 0.072 |- | {{flaglist| Colombia }} || 0.041 |- | {{flaglist| Costa Rica }} || 0.087 |- | {{flaglist| Croatia }} || 0.262 |- | {{flaglist| Ecuador }} || 0.073 |- | {{flaglist| Georgia }} || 0.054 |- | {{flaglist| Hungary }} || 0.242 |- | {{flaglist| Italy }} || 0.409 |- | {{flaglist| Kazakhstan }} || 0.032 |- | {{flaglist| Kenya }} || 0.042 |- | {{flaglist| Kyrgyzstan }} || 0.033 |- | {{flaglist| Latvia }} || 0.155 |- | {{flaglist| Lithuania }} || 0.191 |- | {{flaglist| Luxembourg }} || 0.038 |- | {{flaglist| Malta }} || 0.374 |- | {{flaglist| Mexico }} || 0.091 |- | {{flaglist| Moldova }} || 0.033 |- | {{flaglist| Montenegro }} || 0.048 |- | {{flaglist| New Zealand }} || 0.178 |- | {{flaglist| North Macedonia }} || 0.133 |- | {{flaglist| Peru }} || 0.249 |- | {{flaglist| Philippines }} || 0.094 |- | {{flaglist| Romania }} || 0.416 |- | {{flaglist| Serbia }} || 0.099 |- | {{flaglist| Slovakia }} || 0.334 |- | {{flaglist| Slovenia }} || 0.444 |- | {{flaglist| Switzerland }} || 0.841 |- | {{flaglist| Taiwan }} || 0.445 |- | {{flaglist| Togo }} || 0.037 |- | {{flaglist| Uganda }} || 0.048 |- | {{flaglist| Ukraine }} || 0.048 |- | {{flaglist| Uruguay }} || 0.766 |}
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