Editing Dnipro (section)

==== Growth as an industrial centre ====
[[File:Катеринослав-на-Карті-Шуберта.jpg|thumb|A map of Ekaterinoslav, 1885{{#tag:ref|There is some confusion concerning the date of this map. According to the [[:File:Катеринослав-на-Карті-Шуберта.jpg|image file]] the map is by Schubert and dates from about 1860, but [[:uk:Дніпропетровськ|Ukrainian Wikipedia]] claims that it dates from 1885. The map shows the old (railway) {{ill|Amur Bridge|uk|Амурський міст}} across the river, which was completed in 1884.|group=nb}}]]
[[File:Ekaterinoslav.jpg|thumb|The Main Post Office, 1870]]
[[File:Catherine the Great in Dnipropetrovsk.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Catherine the Great]] monument in Ekaterinoslav (1840–1920{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}). This monument that stood in front of the Mining Institute was replaced by Soviet authorities with one of Russian academic [[Mikhail Lomonosov]].<ref name="oneplace1220130751"/>]]
While into the late nineteenth century the principal business of the town remained the processing of agricultural raw materials,<ref name="ukrssr2"/> there was an early state-sponsored effort to promote manufacture. In 1794 the government supported two factories: a textile factory that was transferred from the town of Dubrovny [[Mogilev Governorate]] and a silk-stockings factory that was brought from the village of Kupavna near Moscow. In 1797 the textile factory employed 819 permanent workers, 378 of whom were women and 115 children. The silk stocking workers, the majority being women, were serfs bought at an auction for 16,000 roubles. Conditions, as Potemkin himself was forced to admit, were harsh, with many of the workers dying from malnutrition and exhaustion.<ref name="ukrssr2"/>

From 1797 to 1802, while serving under the Emperor [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] as the administrative centre of a centre of the [[Novorossiya Governorate#Second establishment|Novorossiya Governorate]], the settlement was officially known as ''Novorossiysk.''<ref name="dnipropetrovshina-istorichna-dovidka"/><ref name="ukrssr2"/>

Despite the bridging of the Dnieper in 1796, commerce was slow to develop. 1832 saw the establishment of the small Zaslavsky iron-casting factory, the town's first metallurgical enterprise.<ref name="ukrssr2"/> Industrialisation gathered apace in the 1880s with the establishment of the first railway connections.<ref name="ukrainetrek">{{cite web |url=http://ukrainetrek.com/Dnepropetrovsk_city.shtml |title=Ukrainetrek Dnepropetrovsk (City) |publisher=Ukrainetrek.com |access-date=28 November 2014}}</ref> Rail construction responded to the enterprise of two men: [[John Hughes (businessman)|John Hughes]], a [[Welsh people|Welsh]] businessman who built an iron works at [[Donetsk|Yuzovka]] in 1869–72, and developed the Donbas coal deposits;<ref name="eugene" /> and the Russian geologist [[Alexander Pol]], who in 1866 had discovered the [[Kryvyi Rih|Krivoy Rog]] iron ore basin, [[Krivbass]], during archaeological research.<ref name="eugene" />

In 1884, a railway to supply [[pig iron]] foundries in Krivoy Rog with Donbass coal crossed the Dnieper at Yekaterinoslav.<ref name="dnipropetrovshina-istorichna-dovidka">{{cite web |title=Historical reference|url=https://adm.dp.gov.ua/pro-oblast/dnipropetrovshina/istorichna-dovidka|website=[[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] official website|date=31 July 2020|access-date=16 October 2022|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> It proved a spur to further industrial development<ref name="dnipropetrovshina-istorichna-dovidka"/> and to the creation of the new suburbs of [[Nyzhniodniprovskyi District|Amur and Nyzhniodniprovsk]].

In 1897, Yekaterinoslav became the third city in the Russian Empire to have electric trams. The ''Yekaterinoslav Higher Mining School'', today's [[Dnipro Polytechnic]], was founded in 1899.<ref name="hello">[http://www.nmu.org.ua/en/now/rector_greeting/ Message of Greeting from Rector] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105222654/http://www.nmu.org.ua/en/now/rector_greeting/|date=5 January 2009}}, University official website</ref> Within twenty years the population had more than tripled, reaching 157,000 in 1904.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Surh |first=Gerald |date=2003 |title=Ekaterinoslav City in 1905: Workers, Jews, and Violence |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27672887 |journal=International Labor and Working-Class History |issue=64 |pages=(139–166). 140 |jstor=27672887 |issn=0147-5479}}</ref> The immigrants flowing into the city were mainly [[Russians in Ukraine|ethnic or cultural Russians]] and [[Jews in Ukraine|Jews]], with the [[Ukrainian people|Ukrainian population]] remaining rural in [[Second Industrial Revolution|this stage]] of the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref name="Boterbloem0773571736">{{Cite book |last1=Boterbloem |first1=Kees |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nda8n7s8o3oC&dq=Ekaterinoslav+industrial&pg=PA12 |title=Life and Times of Andrei Zhdanov, 1896–1948 |date=2004 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |isbn=0773571736 |page= |language=en}}</ref>