Editing Dual-use technology (section)

== Control ==
{{main|Export control}}
Most industrial countries have [[export control]]s on certain types of designated dual-use technologies, and they are required by a number of treaties as well. These controls restrict the export of certain commodities and technologies without the permission of the government.

In the context of sanctions regimes, dual-use can be construed broadly because there are few things which do not have the potential for both military and civilian uses.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1345216431 |title=Sanctions as War: Anti-Imperialist Perspectives on American Geo-Economic Strategy |date=2023 |publisher= |isbn=978-1-64259-812-4 |location= |pages=27–28 |oclc=1345216431 |last1=Davis |first1=Stuart }}</ref>

=== United States ===
The principal agency for investigating violations of dual-use export controls in the United States is the [[Bureau of Industry and Security]] (BIS) [[Office of Export Enforcement]] (OEE).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/oee |title = OEE Home Page}}</ref>  Interagency coordination of export control cases are conducted through the Export Enforcement Coordination Center (E2C2). The [[International Traffic in Arms Regulations]] is the US regime that the BIS OEE enforces.

=== Canada ===
The Canadian legislation to govern the trade in dual-use technology is known as the [[Export and Imports Permits Act]].

=== European Union ===
The [[European Union]] governs dual-use technology through the [[Control List of Dual Use Items]].<ref name="lscbc">{{cite news |last1=Servunts |first1=Levon |title=Bombardier Recreational Products suspends delivery of aircraft engines used on military drones |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/turkey-armenia-azerbaijan-drones-bombardier-1.5775350 |publisher=CBC |date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

=== International regimes ===
There are several international arrangements among countries which seek to harmonize lists of dual-use (and military) technologies to control. These include the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]], the [[Australia Group]], which looks at chemical and biological technologies, the [[Missile Technology Control Regime]], which covers delivery systems for [[Weapon of mass destruction|weapons of mass destruction]], and the [[Wassenaar Arrangement]], which covers conventional arms and dual-use technologies.