Editing Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (section)

===Infections===
The prevalence of hospital-acquired infections during ECMO is 10-12% (higher compared to other critically ill patients). [[Coagulase]]-negative staphylococci, ''Candida'' spp., ''Enterobacteriaceae'' and ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' are the most frequently involved pathogens. ECMO patients display a high incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (24.4 cases/1000 ECMO days), with a major role played by ''Enterobacteriaceae''. The infectious risk was shown to increase along the duration of the ECMO run, which is the most important risk factor for the development of infections. Other ECMO-specific factors predisposing to infections include the severity of illness in ECMO patients, the high risk of bacterial translocation from the gut and ECMO-related impairment of the immune system. Another important issue is the microbial colonisation of catheters, ECMO cannulae and the oxygenator.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Biffi S, Di Bella S, Scaravilli V, Peri AM, Grasselli G, Alagna L, Pesenti A, Gori A | title = Infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–16 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28528989 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.02.025 }}</ref>