Editing Extradition (section)

=== Own citizens ===
Several countries, such as Austria,<ref>{{cite web|title=section 12 of the Austrian Extradition and Legal Assistance Act ("Auslieferungs- und Rechtshilfegesetz (ARHG)") |publisher=Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), the official website of the Austrian government for the publication of legislation |url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10002441 |date=27 February 2014}}</ref> Brazil,<ref>Brazilian constitution of 1988, Article 5</ref> Bulgaria,<ref>[https://parliament.bg/bills/39/502-01-9.pdf Условия за отказ на екстрадиция. Глава втора.]</ref> Czechia (the Czech Republic),<ref>{{cite web|title=Charter of fundamental rights and freedoms, Article 14 (4), second sentence |url=http://www.usoud.cz/fileadmin/user_upload/ustavni_soud_www/prilohy/Listina_English_version.pdf |date=16 December 1992}}</ref> France,<ref>{{cite web|title=Code of criminal procedure (legislative part), Articles 696-1 to 696–7 |publisher=published by [[Légifrance]], the official website of the French government for the publication of legislation, regulations, and legal information |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/content/download/1958/13719/version/3/file/Code_34.pdf |date=13 December 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Légifrance publications of the French legislation |publisher=[[Légifrance]] |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Traductions/en-English/Legifrance-translations |date=13 December 2005}}</ref> Germany,<ref>Except to a member state of the European Union or to an international court: ''Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany'', [http://bundesrecht.juris.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html#GGengl_000P16 Article 16 (2)], 29 July 2009.</ref> Israel, Japan,<ref>Article 2, [http://www.moj.go.jp/ENGLISH/information/loe-01.html Law of Extradition] ({{in lang|ja}} [[:ja:逃亡犯罪人引渡法|逃亡犯罪人引渡法]])</ref> Morocco,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dahir n° 1-58-057 du 25rebia II 1378 (8 novembre 1958) relatif à l'extradition|url=http://adala.justice.gov.ma/production/html/Fr/liens/..%5C97273.htm|access-date=7 September 2020|website=adala.justice.gov.ma}}</ref> Norway,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lovdata.no/NL/lov/1975-06-13-39/%C2%A72|title=Lov om utlevering av lovbrytere m.v. (utleveringsloven) – Kap. I. Vilkår for utlevering til fremmed stat.|trans-title=Act on extradition of offenders, etc. (Extradition Act) – Ch. I. Conditions for extradition to a foreign state|website=[[Lovdata]]|language=no|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref> the People's Republic of China (Mainland China),<ref>Article 8 of the [http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/22/content_68710.htm Extradition Law of the People's Republic of China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922010735/http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/22/content_68710.htm |date=22 September 2017 }} ({{zh|s=[[s:zh:中华人民共和国引渡法|中华人民共和国引渡法]]}})</ref> Portugal,<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Portuguese Republic |url=https://fra.europa.eu/en/law-reference/constitution-portuguese-republic-17 |website=European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights |access-date=8 March 2022 |language=en |date=25 October 2018}}</ref> the Republic of China (Taiwan),<ref>Article 4 of the [http://law.moj.gov.tw/pdaeng/FLAWDAT01.aspx?PCODE=I0030001 Law of Extradition] ({{zh|t=[[s:zh:引渡法 (中華民國)|引渡法]]}}) prohibits a citizen of the Republic of China from being extradited from Taiwan, unless the person acquired the citizenship after the request for extradition is made.</ref> Russia,<ref>Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 61</ref> Saudi Arabia,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0005401953 |publisher=[[Jiji Press]] |title=Saudis: No extradition of suspects to Turkey |date=10 December 2018 |quote=“We do not extradite our citizens,” Adel al-Jubeir told a news conference in Riyadh at the end of a summit of Gulf Cooperation Council states. |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211052703/http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0005401953 |archive-date=11 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Slovenia, Switzerland,<ref>[https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19810037/201301010000/351.1.pdf Swiss Federal Act on International Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112030147/https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19810037/201301010000/351.1.pdf |date=12 January 2019 }}, Article 7</ref> Syria,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/91436/106031/F-931434246/constitution2.pdf|title=Article 38 of the constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic}}</ref> Turkey,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rm.coe.int/turkey-country-information-template-extradition/1680a1bc3d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128232648/https://rm.coe.int/turkey-country-information-template-extradition/1680a1bc3d|url-status=live|title=Turkey – National Procedures for Extradition|archive-date=2021-11-28}}</ref> the UAE, and Vietnam<ref>[https://moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/van-ban-chinh-sach-moi.aspx?ItemID=311 Các trường hợp từ chối dẫn độ cho nước ngoài] – Vietnam's Ministry of Justice</ref> have laws against extraditing their own citizens to other countries' jurisdictions. Instead, they often have special laws in place that give them jurisdiction over crimes committed abroad by or against citizens. By virtue of such jurisdiction, they can locally prosecute and try citizens accused of crimes committed abroad as if the crime had occurred within the country's borders (see, e.g., [[trial of Xiao Zhen]]). [[Israeli law]] permits the extradition of Israeli citizens who have not established residency in Israel; resident citizens may be extradited to stand trial in a foreign country, provided that the prosecuting country agrees that any prison sentence imposed will be served in Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llglrd/2021700332/2021700332.pdf |title=Foreign Law Brief: Israel: Extradition Law – Its Evolution and the Effect of the Sheinbein Case |last=Levush |first=Ruth |date=2002 |publisher=The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Directorate |access-date= 11 August 2024 |quote= Current law generally allows the extradition of nationals who are not residents of Israel. It also allows the extradition of those who are both nationals and residents at the time of committing the offense for which the extradition is sought. This extradition, however, is for the purpose of standing trial in the requesting country, while any prison sentences are to be served in Israel.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rm.coe.int/israel-extradition-19-/168097d9a1 |title=Israel – National Procedures for Extradition |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 12 September 2019 |website= |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] PC-OC |format=PDF |access-date=11 August 2024 |quote=When the extradition of an Israeli citizen who is also a resident, is requested, Israel requires a preliminary commitment that the requested person will be allowed to serve the prison sentence, if imposed, in Israel.}}</ref>