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== SQL and ODBC support == Since version 9, FileMaker has had the ability to connect to a number of SQL databases without resorting to using SQL, including [[MySQL]], [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server]], and [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]. This requires installation of the SQL database ODBC driver (in many cases a third-party license per client driver) to connect to a SQL database. Through Extended SQL Services (ESS), SQL databases can be used as data sources in FileMaker's relationship graph, thus allowing the developer to create new layouts based on the SQL database; create, edit, and delete SQL records via FileMaker layouts and functions; and reference SQL fields in FileMaker calculations and script steps. It is a cross-platform relational database application. Versions from FileMaker Pro 5.5 onwards also have an [[ODBC]] interface. FileMaker 12 introduced a new function, ExecuteSQL, which allows the user to perform an SQL query against the FileMaker database to retrieve data, but does not allow data modification or deletion, or schema changes.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://fmhelp.filemaker.com/help/12/fmp/en/html/func_ref3.33.6.html |title=ExecuteSQL |publisher=Filemaker.com |access-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> FileMaker allows non-numeric characters to be stored in its "numeric" field type unless the field is specifically marked as strictly "numeric". Through a third party, Actual Technologies, FileMaker 15 and forward, also, support ODBC connectivity to IBM I 7.3 (AS/400), IBM Db2 11.1, and PostgreSQL 9.6.12. Using the Actual Adapter, these ODBC connections can also make ESS connections and be used as sources in the Relationship Graph.
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