Editing Freedom to roam (section)

=====Finland=====
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2018}}
[[File:Picking natural blackberries in Finland.jpg|thumb|In Finland, picking berries is an "everyone's right".]]
In Finland, "{{lang|fi|jokaisenoikeus}}" in [[Finnish language|Finnish]] (everyone's right) has replaced the older term ''"{{lang|fi|jokamiehenoikeus}}"'' (every man's right)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Everyman's Rights gets gender neutral overhaul, now Everyone's Rights |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20038364 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=News |language=en}}</ref> to refer to the freedom to roam and related rights. The term in [[Swedish language|Swedish]] is ''"{{lang|sv|allemansrätten}}"'' (lit. "everyone's right"), similar to other Nordic countries.

The right is not codified in any specific law. Instead, it arises from the principle of ''[[nulla poena sine lege]]'' - what is not illegal cannot be punished. Things that are not explicitly disallowed, are allowed by default.

Everyone may walk, ski, ride a horse or cycle freely in the countryside where this does not harm the natural environment or the landowner, except in gardens or in the immediate vicinity of people's homes (yards). Fields and plantations, which may easily be harmed, may usually not be crossed except in the winter. It is also possible to establish outdoor recreation routes on private land, based on an agreement on the rights of use or by official proceedings in accordance with the Outdoor Recreation Act, for example.<ref name="Ministry of the Environment">{{Cite book |last=Tuunanen |first=Pekka |url=https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10138/159060 |title=Everyman's rights and the code of conduct on private land |last2=Tarasti |first2=Markus |date=December 2015 |publisher=Ministry of the Environmentnd |isbn=9789521144561 |access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref>

One may stay or set up camp temporarily in the countryside, a reasonable distance from homes, pick mineral samples, wild berries, mushrooms and flowers (as long as they are not protected species). One may [[Angling|fish with a rod and line]] (only still waters), row, sail or use a motorboat on waterways (with certain restrictions), and swim or bathe in both inland waters and the sea. One can walk, ski and ice fish on frozen lakes, rivers and the sea. Income from selling picked berries or mushrooms is tax-free. Picking [[cloudberry]] may be temporarily restricted to local residents in parts of [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1955/332 |title=Laki luonnonvaraisten tuotteiden keräämisen rajoittamisesta eräissä tapauksissa |publisher=finlex.fi |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> In the autonomous province of [[Åland]] the right to camp's inclusion in the right to roam was disputed, but since 2013 this is no longer the case.<ref name="land">{{Cite web |url=http://www.regeringen.ax/.composer/upload/socialomiljo/allemansratt.pdf |title=Allemansrätten på Åland |publisher=The local government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720025317/http://www.regeringen.ax/.composer/upload/socialomiljo/allemansratt.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-20 |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref><ref name="land2">{{Cite web |url=http://old.regeringen.ax/.composer/upload//socialomiljo/Allemansratten_pa_Aland-2013-01-30.pdf |title=Allemansrätten på Åland |publisher=The local government |access-date=2018-08-31 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731200106/http://old.regeringen.ax/.composer/upload//socialomiljo/Allemansratten_pa_Aland-2013-01-30.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="visitaland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.visitaland.com/articles/allemansratten/ |title=Allemansrätten på Åland |publisher=The tourist organization of Åland |access-date=2015-04-16}}</ref>

When traveling with a motorhome or camper, one can park and spend the night anywhere parking is allowed, including along public roads. Checking parking area signs is essential to ensure compliance with overnight stay regulations. Private and forest roads can serve as suitable parking spots, as long as there are no signage restrictions. Off-road driving requires landowner permission, but parking off-road near the road is allowed for convenience. Overnight stays are generally prohibited in shopping center parking lots, but service stations often provide suitable facilities. When visiting national parks, designated areas or parking lots may allow overnight stays, potentially requiring a permit. Nature reserves have specific rules regarding overnight stays.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://caravan-lehti.fi/pinnalla/sallittua-vai-ei-naissa-paikoissa-yovyt-luvan-kanssa/ | title=Sallittua vai ei? Näissä paikoissa yövyt luvan kanssa | date=9 November 2017 }}</ref>

One may not disturb others or damage property, disturb breeding birds (or their nests or young), or disturb reindeer or game animals. One may not cut down or damage living trees, or collect wood, moss or lichen on other people's property, nor may one light open fires without the landowner's permission (except in an emergency). It is acceptable, however, to use an alcohol burner, wood stove or similar device that has no hot parts touching the ground. One may not disturb the privacy of people's homes by camping too near to them or making too much noise, nor litter, drive motor vehicles off-road without the landowner's permission, or fish (excluding angling) or hunt without the relevant permits.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ymparisto.fi/download/noname/%7B2039A0E2-6CC0-4DB3-ABA2-21670806FDD6%7D/24256 |title=Everyman's right |publisher=www.ymparisto.fi |access-date=2014-10-19}}</ref> If horse riding causes more than a minor inconvenience or disturbance, an agreement for the long term use of the route must be made with the landowner. A horse may also be taken to swim in a water body without the consent of the owner of the water area (excluding public beaches).