Editing French protectorate in Morocco (section)

====Economic exploitation====

=====Agriculture=====
[[File:فلاح_في_حقل_الشعير_في_الشاوية_المغربية.jpg|thumb|A farmer in a field of [[barley]] in the [[Chaouia (Morocco)|Chaouia]], published 15 August 1917 in the magazine ''France-Maroc'']]

Learning from experiences in [[French Algeria|Algeria]], where imprudent land appropriation, as Professor Susan Gilson Miller puts it, "reduced much of the native peasantry to a rootless proletariat,"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Susan Gilson |title=A history of modern Morocco |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780521008990 |page=113}}</ref> Lyautey solicited a select group of 692 "gentlemen-farmers"—instead of what he called the "riff-raff" of southern Europe—capable of serving as "examples" to {{Lang|fr|les indigènes}} and imparting French influence in the rural colonization of Morocco from 1917 to 1925.<ref name=":02" /> The objective was to secure a steady supply of grain for [[Metropolitan France]] and to transform Morocco once again into the "granary of Rome" by planting cereals primarily in the regions of [[Chaouia (Morocco)|Chaouia]], [[Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen|Gharb]], and [[Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz|Hawz]]—despite the fact that the region is prone to drought. After a period of minimal profits and a massive locust swarm in 1930, agricultural production shifted toward irrigated, higher-value crops such as citrus fruits and vegetables.<ref name=":02" /> The industrialization of agriculture required capital that many Moroccan farmers did not have, leading to a [[Rural flight|rural exodus]] as many headed to find work [[Urbanization|in the city]].<ref name=":02" />

=====Infrastructure=====
[[File:خريطة الطرق في المغرب 1919.jpg|thumb|Roadmap of Morocco in 1919]]

The Compagnie franco-espagnole du chemin de fer de Tanger à Fez built a standard gauge railroad connecting Fes and Tangier,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6531943d|title=Compagnie franco-espagnole du chemin de fer de Tanger à Fez|date=1914|language=EN}}</ref> while Compagnie des chemins de fer du Maroc (CFM) built [[Standard-gauge railway|standard gauge]] railways connecting Casablanca, Kenitra, and Sidi Kacem, and Casablanca and Marrakech, completed in 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6207539f|title=La Terre marocaine: revue illustrée...|date=1 December 1928|website=Gallica|language=EN|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Maroc Oriental created [[2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways|narrow-gauge]] railroads east of Fes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Allain|first=J.-C.|date=1987|title=Les chemins de fer marocains du protectorat français pendant l'entre-deux-guerres|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhmc_0048-8003_1987_num_34_3_1417|journal=Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine|volume=34|issue=3|pages=427–452|doi=10.3406/rhmc.1987.1417}}</ref>

''[[Compagnie de Transports au Maroc|La Compagnie de Transports au Maroc]]'' ([[Compagnie de Transports au Maroc|CTM]]) was founded in 30 November 1919 with the goal of accessing "all of Morocco." Its services ran along a new colonial road system planned with the aim of linking all major towns and cities.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Susan Gilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vochAwAAQBAJ&q=offend+no+tradition,+change+no+custom,+and+remind+ourselves+that+in+all+human+society+there+is+a+ruling+class,+born+to+rule,+without+which+nothing+can+be+done...%5Bwe%5D+enlist+the+ruling+class+in+our+service...and+the+country+will+be+pacified,+and+at+far+less+cost+and+with+greater+certainty+than+by+all+the+military+expeditions+we+could+send+there&pg=PA90|title=A History of Modern Morocco|date=8 April 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139619110|pages=112|language=en}}</ref> It continues to offer intercity bus services nationwide.

=====Natural resources=====
[[File:خريطة اقتصادية للمغرب 1928.jpg|thumb|An economic map of Morocco produced by the French protectorate in 1928]]

The {{Lang|fr|[[Office Chérifien des Phosphates]]}} ([[OCP Group|OCP]]) was created in 1920 to mine [[phosphate]]s out of [[Khouribga]], which was connected to the [[Port of Casablanca]] by a direct rail line.<ref name=":6" /> In 1921, 39,000 tons of phosphate were extracted, while almost 2 million tons were extracted in 1930.<ref name=":6" /> The Moroccan laborers working in the mines did not benefit from any social protections, were forbidden from unionizing, and earned a tiny fraction of what Europeans earned.<ref name=":6" />

=====Industry=====
Industry during the early period of the protectorate focused on food processing for local consumption: there were canneries, a sugar refinery (Compagnie Sucriere Marocaine, COSUMA),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cosumar.co.ma/en/the-group/history/|title=HISTORY|website=Cosumar|language=en|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> a brewing company (Société des Brasseries du Maroc, SBM),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boissons-maroc.com/en/history/|title=History – GBM|language=en-US|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> and flour mills.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vassal|first=Serge|date=1951|title=Les industries de Casablanca|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/caoum_0373-5834_1951_num_4_13_1718|journal=Les Cahiers d'Outre-Mer|volume=4|issue=13|pages=61–79|doi=10.3406/caoum.1951.1718}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Manufacturing and heavy industry, however, were not embraced for fears of competing with [[Metropolitan France]].<ref name=":6" />