Editing Grammatical case (section)

=== Arabic ===
An example of a Standard [[ʾIʿrab|Arabic case inflection]] is given below, using the singular forms of the Arabic term for "book" {{lang|ar|كِتَاب}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|kitāb}}'':
* {{lang|ar|كِتَابُ}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|kitāb'''u'''}}'' ([[Nominative case|Nominative]]): {{lang|ar|الكِتَابُ مُفِيد}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|al-kitāb'''u''' mufīd}}'' – (the book is useful)
* {{lang|ar|كِتَابَ}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|kitāb'''a'''}}'' ([[Accusative case|Accusative]]): {{lang|ar|إنَّ كِتَابَ العُلُومِ كَبِير}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|ʔinna kitāb'''a''' al-ʕulūmi kabīr}}'' – (the science book is big)
* {{lang|ar|كِتَابِ}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|kitāb'''i'''}}''  ([[Genitive case|Genitive]]): {{lang|ar|ذَهَبْتُ بِالكِتَابِ}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|ḏahabtu bil-kitāb'''i'''}}'' – (I went with the book)
The modern [[Varieties of Arabic|Arabic colloquial dialects]] have abandoned the grammatical cases of [[Classical Arabic]], and they are only used nowadays in [[Modern Standard Arabic]]. Standard Arabic is the only living [[Semitic languages|Semitic language]] that preserved the complete [[Proto-Semitic language|Proto-Semitic]] grammatical cases and [[ʾIʿrab|declension (ʾIʿrab)]]. In some dialects of Northern and Central Saudi Arabia, one encounters the [[nunation]] in the -in form, e.g. {{lang|ar|دَرْبٍ}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|darb'''in'''}}'', "a road" (as in {{lang|ar|دَرْبٍ طويل}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|darb'''in''' ṭiwīl}}'' vs. the common colloquial {{lang|ar|دَرْبْ طويل}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|darb ṭawīl}}''), apparently with the -i- of the former genitive, while -u < -un is preserved in some Yemenite colloquials when the noun is indeterminate (e.g. {{lang|ar|بَيْتُ}} ''{{translit|ar|ALA|bayt'''u'''}}'', "a house", but al-bayt, "the house").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |url=https://e-learning.tsu.ge/pluginfile.php/5865/mod_resource/content/0/Lipinski_-_Semitic_Languages._Outline_of_a_Comparative_Grammar.pdf |title=Semitic Languages. Outline of a Comparative Grammar |date=1997 |publisher=Peeters Publishers & Department of Oriental Studies |pages=264}}</ref>