Editing Hallmark (section)

====Switzerland====
In 1424, the French cardinal [[Jean de Brogny]], after consulting a council of eight Master Goldsmiths from [[Geneva]], enacted a regulation on the purity and hallmarking of silver objects (following the French standards) for application in Geneva.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Historical Review of the Swiss Precious Metals Control Act Focused on Platinoids|journal = Johnson Matthey Technology Review|volume = 62|issue = 3|pages = 263–270|last=Zaffalon|first=Pierre-Léonard|date=2018-04-01|language=en|doi=10.1595/205651318x696701|doi-access=free}}</ref> Although gold was used for articles, the regulation was silent on standards and hallmarking for gold.<ref>{{cite book |last=Babel |first=Antony |title=Histoire corporative de l'horlogerie, de l'orfèvrerie et des industries annexes |date=1916 |page=4 |language=fr |location=Geneva |publisher=A. Jullien, George & Co. |series=Mémoires et Documents publiés par la Société d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de Genève |volume=33 |oclc=2235476 }}<br>{{cite journal |last=Kunz |first= George F. |date=April 1917 |title=Reviewed Work: ''Histoire Corporative de l'Horlogerie, de l'Orfèvrerie et des Industries Annexes'' by Antony Babel |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=631–633 |doi=10.2307/1842663 |doi-access=free |jstor=1842663 |jstor-access=free |hdl=2027/njp.32101043186319 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
In Switzerland today,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Flocco |first=Luis S. |title=An Explanation of Swiss Hallmarks on Gold Watchcases |journal=NAWCC Bulletin |issn=1527-1609 |date=December 2005 |volume=47 |issue=359 |pages=686–699 |publisher=[[National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors|National Association of Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc.]] |url=http://www.nawcc.org/images/stories/2000/articles/2005/359/359_686.pdf |access-date=2019-01-16 |archive-date=2017-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101002628/http://www.nawcc.org/images/stories/2000/articles/2005/359/359_686.pdf |url-status=live }}<br>See also: {{cite journal |last1=Flocco |last2=Strasser |title=Schweizer Punzen auf Uhrgehäusen in Gold |journal=Chronométrophilia Bulletin |date=Summer 2007 |issue=61 |pages=61–90 |language=de |publisher=[[Chronometrophilia|Chronométrophilia (The Swiss Association for the History of Timekeeping)]] |location=La Chaux-de-Fonds }}</ref> only precious metal watch cases must be hallmarked.<ref>[http://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/00433/index.html?lang=fr Swiss Customs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070409074854/http://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/00433/index.html?lang=fr |date=2007-04-09 }}</ref> The hallmarking of other items including silverware and jewelry is optional.