Editing Hiddensee (section)

== Geology ==
=== Overview ===
[[File:Hiddensee 1886 bis 2006.png|thumb|Land changes from 1886 to 2000]]
The island of Hiddensee is, from a geological perspective, a very young landscape and was formed during the last [[Weichselian glaciation|ice age]] about 12,000 years ago. The ice age left behind here a [[Old and Young Moraine|Young Drift landscape]]. As a result of thawing inland ice, the underlying land rose and the hollows filled with water; the predecessor of what became the Baltic Sea, [[Ancylus Lake]] emerged. As a result, only protruding ridges like the ''Dornbusch'' remained visible, as islands. The overall shape of the coast in the southern area of the Baltic Sea was formed during the [[Littorina Transgression]] about 7,000 to 2,500 years ago. Around 5,000 years ago, the sea level attained its present level and the Dornbusch and two older island cores became islands. 4,500 years ago the salt water currents from the North Sea were sharply reduced. The Baltic has slowly become less salty since. As a result of [[coastal erosion]] (land denudation, drift and deposition) the islands changed to their present shapes over the course of time. For example, the former three island cores were joined to one another by accretion. This process still carried sand away from the north of the Dornbusch. In 2000, {{convert|60,000|m3|e6cuft|abbr=off}} of till twice broke off from the northern tip of the Hiddensee in the area of the ''Toter Kerl'' and collapsed into the sea. On average the cliff edges of the ''Dornbusch'' recede about {{convert|30|cm|ft|0}} per year. In mid-March 2004 another {{convert|10,000|m3|e6cuft|abbr=off}} collapsed into the sea. Geologically seen the Hiddensee is a region undergoing constant change.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Łabuz |first1=Tomasz Arkadiusz |last2=Grunewald |first2=Ralf |last3=Bobykina |first3=Valentina |last4=Chubarenko |first4=Boris |last5=Česnulevičius |first5=Algimantas |last6=Bautrėnas |first6=Artūras |last7=Morkūnaitė |first7=Regina |last8=Tõnisson |first8=Hannes |date=2018-03-01 |title=Coastal Dunes of the Baltic Sea Shores: A Review |journal=Quaestiones Geographicae |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=47–71 |doi=10.2478/quageo-2018-0005 |issn=2081-6383|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018QGeo...37a..47L }}</ref> The landmasses carried away from its northern tip are washed up again at the southern end and on the east side of the [[Schaproder Bodden]]. This has caused the formation of two geologically recent [[spit (landform)|spits]] at the southern end of the'' [[Gellen]]'': the ''Alter Bessin'' und ''Neuer Bessin''. The ''Alter Bessin'' began to appear about 300 to 400 years ago and was already over {{convert|3|mi|km|0|order=flip|spell=in}} long by the middle of the 19th century. Since then it has barely grown. On the other hand, the ''Neuer Bessin'' which appeared in 1900 is growing by {{convert|30|to|60|m|ft|-1}} annually and is already {{convert|3|km}} long. Meanwhile, a third ''Bessin'' is emerging. Even the southern tip is growing as a so-called [[windwatt]] into the [[Schaproder Bodden]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=The Baltic Sea region: cultures, politics, societies |date=2002 |publisher=The Baltic Univ. Press |isbn=978-91-973579-8-2 |editor-last=Maciejewski |editor-first=Witold |edition=1st |location=Uppsala}}</ref>

=== Hills, ravines and other natural forms ===
From the highlands in the north to the lowlands in the south, there are the following mountains, gorges and shapes (altitude above sea level in parentheses, rounded):<ref>Infotafeln auf der Insel im Nordbereich, an verschiedenen Stellen.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|
* Toter Kerl
* [[Bessin]]
* End thorn (5 m)
* Swantiberg (65 m)
* Honey ground
* Spring bog Ellersegen [natural monument]
* Vorlege
* Tiddenufer
* Rabenberg (32 m)
* Bakenberg (73 m); highest elevation
|
* Signalmasthuk/Fledermaushuk
* Swantewitschlucht
* Tietenufer
* Rennbaumhuk
* Klausnerbrüche
* Klausnerhuk
* Rübenberg (27 m) [Natural monument]
* Hexenberg
* Ziegelort
* Schafort
|
* Hucke
* Harter Ort
* Möwenort
* Langeort
* Hassenort
* Poggenort
* Fischerhaken
* Klimphoresbucht
* Gellen
|}