Editing Hydrostatics (section)

===Buoyancy===
{{Main|Buoyancy}}
Any body of arbitrary shape which is immersed, partly or fully, in a fluid will experience the action of a net force in the opposite direction of the local pressure gradient. If this pressure gradient arises from gravity, the net force is in the vertical direction opposite that of the gravitational force.  This vertical force is termed buoyancy or buoyant force and is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction, to the weight of the displaced fluid.  Mathematically,

:<math>F = \rho g V </math>

where {{mvar|ρ}} is the density of the fluid, {{mvar|g}} is the acceleration due to gravity, and {{mvar|V}} is the volume of fluid directly above the curved surface.<ref name="F-M">{{cite book|last1=Fox|first1=Robert|last2=McDonald|first2=Alan|last3=Pritchard|first3=Philip|title=Fluid Mechanics|edition=8|year=2012|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=978-1-118-02641-0|pages=76–83}}</ref>  In the case of a [[ship]], for instance, its weight is balanced by pressure forces from the surrounding water, allowing it to float.  If more cargo is loaded onto the ship, it would sink more into the water&nbsp;– displacing more water and thus receive a higher buoyant force to balance the increased weight.{{cn|date=July 2022}}

Discovery of the principle of buoyancy is attributed to [[Archimedes]].
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The principle of Archimedes proved experimentally in the following manner: taking a body hanging in the small dynamometer, read the indication of weight. Then, add a deep dish and keep the body hanging on the dynamometer immersed in glass completely overflowing with water.  The indication of the immersed dynamometer will be smaller than the pre-immersion reading.  At the same time, some of the water from the overflowing glass will be poured on the plate; the weight of the overflowed water will equal the difference in body weight between dynamometer readings. This test is more accurate when a special "weir tank" is used properly.
After the above experiment, the principle of Archimedes can be simplified:
: Each body is immersed in a liquid loses both by weight, as the weight of the liquid that displaces.

Accordingly, when a body is found inside a liquid, two main forces ("resultants") will be observed: the body weight and the force applied to this buoyancy.  A further three cases can be distinguished, depending on the values of the resultants:
# The body weight is greater than the buoyancy, causing the body to sink
# The body weight is equal to the buoyancy, causing the body to be suspended in the liquid
# The body weight is less than the buoyancy, causing the body to float

The actual case depends on the [[specific weight]] of the body (solid or liquid) and its relationship to the specific gravity of the liquid. For example, wood, cork, and oil float on water, while iron, aluminum, and mercury sink.

The principle finds very wide application in daily life, particularly in engineering. Anything that floats, such as ships, all lighter water bodies, the human body, floats, amphibious vehicles, etc. obey the principle.  The principle is particularly applicable in shipbuilding, which implements the principle in extensive detail.
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