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Indeterminism
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===Early modern philosophy=== In 1729 the<small> </small>''Testament'' of [[Jean Meslier]] states: <blockquote>"The matter, by virtue of its own active force, moves and acts in blind manner".<ref>Meslier, J. ''The Testament''.</ref> </blockquote> Soon after [[Julien Offroy de la Mettrie]] in his ''L'Homme Machine.'' (1748, anon.) wrote: <blockquote>"Perhaps, the cause of man's existence is just in existence itself? Perhaps he is by chance thrown in some point of this terrestrial surface without any ''how'' and ''why''". </blockquote> In his ''Anti-Sénèque'' [''Traité de la vie heureuse, par Sénèque, avec un Discours du traducteur sur le même sujet'', 1750] we read: <blockquote>"Then, the chance has thrown us in life".<ref>Jde La Mettrie, J.O.:''Anti-Sénèque''</ref></blockquote> In the 19th century the French Philosopher [[Antoine-Augustin Cournot]] theorized ''chance'' in a new way, as series of not-linear causes. He wrote in ''Essai sur les fondements de nos connaissances'' (1851): <blockquote>"It is not because of rarity that the chance is actual. On the contrary, it is because of chance they produce many possible others."<ref>Cournot, A.A: ''Essai sur les fondements de nos connaissances et sur les caractères de la critique philosophique'', § 32.</ref> </blockquote>
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