Editing Infant formula (section)

===International===
{{Main|International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes}}
{{See also|Nestlé boycott}}

The [[International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes]] is an international [[health policy]] framework adopted by the [[World Health Assembly]] of the [[WHO]] in 1981 regarding infant formula marketing, including strict restrictions on advertising.<ref name="ICMBS"/> Its implementation depends on the laws of different countries and the behavior of infant formula manufacturers – the code has no power itself. Legislation and corporate behavior vary significantly between countries: at least 84 countries have enacted national legislation implementing all or many of the provisions of the Code and 14 countries have draft laws awaiting adoption;<ref>UNICEF. [http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24805.html International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212070106/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24805.html |date=December 12, 2017 }} Retrieved August 9, 2011.</ref> whereas elsewhere neither the Code nor its principles are followed by governments or formula manufacturers.

Practices that are banned in the Code include most advertising, claiming health benefits for formula, and giving [[Product sample|free samples]] to women able to breastfeed – this latter practice is particularly criticized because it can interfere with lactation, creating dependence on formula, without proper education on ensuring continued breast stimulation while formula is being used. In many countries free samples of infant formula have been provided to hospitals for decades; infant formula is often the only product routinely provided free of charge to hospitals.<ref>Counseling the nursing mother, By Judith Lauwers, Anna Swisher, [https://books.google.com/books?id=crW6348Iw_wC&pg=PA597 p. 597]</ref> The [[Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative]] (BFHI) aims to reduce and eliminate this controversial practice; however, there is increasing criticism of the BFHI's rigidity in limiting use of infant formula, which can be an appropriate treatment for common conditions such as suboptimal intake jaundice, and may cause mothers to feel pressured or guilted into breastfeeding.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilde |first=Vera K |date=2021-10-04 |title=Breastfeeding Insufficiencies: Common and Preventable Harm to Neonates |journal=Cureus |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e18478 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.18478 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=8491802 |pmid=34659917}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Howard |first1=Tera F. |last2=Hinten |first2=Brittany |last3=Ott |first3=Corilyn Mae |last4=Ye |first4=Yuanfan |last5=Tita |first5=Alan T.N. |date=2022-01-01 |title=What Women Really Think About Breastfeeding and Breast Pumping: A Qualitative Analysis of Women Who Deliver at a Baby-Friendly Hospital |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2021.0135 |journal=Breastfeeding Medicine |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=65–71 |doi=10.1089/bfm.2021.0135 |pmid=34919409 |s2cid=245279889 |issn=1556-8253|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flaherman |first1=Valerie |last2=Von Kohorn |first2=Isabelle |date=2016-10-25 |title=Interventions Intended to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Assessment of Benefits and Harms |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2016.15083 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=316 |issue=16 |pages=1685–1687 |doi=10.1001/jama.2016.15083 |pmid=27784077 |issn=0098-7484|url-access=subscription }}</ref>