Editing Insular cortex (section)

===Motor control===
In motor control, it contributes to hand-and-eye motor movement,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson TJ, Jenkins IH, Brooks DJ, Hawken MB, Frackowiak RS, Kennard C |title=Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man. A PET study |journal=Brain |volume=117 |issue=Pt 5 |pages=1073–84 |date=October 1994 |pmid=7953589 |doi=10.1093/brain/117.5.1073}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fink GR, Frackowiak RS, Pietrzyk U, Passingham RE |title=Multiple nonprimary motor areas in the human cortex |journal=J. Neurophysiol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=2164–74 |date=April 1997 |pmid=9114263 |doi=10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2164 |s2cid=15881491 }}</ref> swallowing,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sörös P, Inamoto Y, Martin RE |title=Functional brain imaging of swallowing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis |journal=Hum Brain Mapp |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=2426–39 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19107749 |doi=10.1002/hbm.20680 |pmc=6871071 |s2cid=15438676 }}</ref> gastric motility,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Penfield W, Faulk ME |title=The insula; further observations on its function |journal=Brain |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=445–70 |year=1955 |pmid=13293263 |doi=10.1093/brain/78.4.445}}</ref> and speech articulation.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dronkers NF |title=A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation |journal=Nature |volume=384 |issue=6605 |pages=159–61 |date=November 1996 |pmid=8906789 |doi=10.1038/384159a0|bibcode=1996Natur.384..159D |s2cid=4305696 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ackermann H, Riecker A |title=The contribution of the insula to motor aspects of speech production: a review and a hypothesis |journal=Brain Lang |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=320–8 |date=May 2004 |pmid=15068914 |doi=10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00347-X |s2cid=36867434 }}</ref> It has been identified as a "central command” centre that ensures that [[heart rate]] and [[blood pressure]] increase at the onset of [[exercise physiology|exercise]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nowak M, Holm S, Biering-Sørensen F, Secher NH, Friberg L |title="Central command" and insular activation during attempted foot lifting in paraplegic humans |journal=Hum Brain Mapp |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=259–65 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15849712 |doi=10.1002/hbm.20097|pmc=6871668 }}</ref> Research upon conversation links it to the capacity for long and complex spoken sentences.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Borovsky A, Saygin AP, Bates E, Dronkers N |title=Lesion correlates of conversational speech production deficits |journal=Neuropsychologia |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=2525–33 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17499317 |pmc=5610916 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.023 }}</ref> It is also involved in motor learning<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mutschler I, Schulze-Bonhage A, Glauche V, Demandt E, Speck O, Ball T  |editor1-last=Fitch |editor1-first=Tecumseh |title=A rapid sound-action association effect in human insular cortex |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=e259 |year=2007 |pmid=17327919 |pmc=1800344 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000259 |bibcode=2007PLoSO...2..259M |doi-access=free }}</ref> and has been identified as playing a role in the motor recovery from stroke.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Weiller C, Ramsay SC, Wise RJ, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RS |title=Individual patterns of functional reorganization in the human cerebral cortex after capsular infarction |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=181–9 |date=February 1993 |pmid=8434880 |doi=10.1002/ana.410330208 |s2cid=25131597 }}</ref>