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Intimate relationship
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=== Dissolution === The decision to leave a relationship often involves an evaluation of levels of satisfaction and commitment in the relationship.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joel |first1=Samantha |last2=MacDonald |first2=Geoff |last3=Page-Gould |first3=Elizabeth |date=2018 |title=Wanting to Stay and Wanting to Go: Unpacking the Content and Structure of Relationship Stay/Leave Decision Processes |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1948550617722834 |journal=Social Psychological and Personality Science |language=en |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=631β644 |doi=10.1177/1948550617722834 |s2cid=148797874 |issn=1948-5506|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Relationship factors such as increased commitment and feelings of love are associated with lower chances of breakup, whereas feeling ambivalent about the relationship and perceiving many alternatives to the current relationship are associated with increased chances of dissolution.<ref name="Le-2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Le |first1=Benjamin |last2=Dove |first2=Natalie L. |last3=Agnew |first3=Christopher R. |last4=Korn |first4=Miriam S. |last5=Mutso |first5=Amelia A. |date=2010 |title=Predicting nonmarital romantic relationship dissolution: A meta-analytic synthesis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01285.x |journal=Personal Relationships |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=377β390 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01285.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==== Predictors of dissolution ==== Specific individual characteristics and traits put people at greater risk for experiencing relationship dissolution. Individuals high in [[neuroticism]] (the tendency to experience negative emotions) are more prone to relationship dissolution,<ref name="Vangelisti-2013">{{Cite book |last=Vangelisti |first=Anita L. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzMlUeTxUPQC&dq=intimate+relationship+dissolution&pg=RA7-PT31 |title=Close Relationships: Functions, Forms and Processes |date=2013 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-1-134-95333-2 |editor-last=Noeller |editor-first=Patricia |language=en |chapter=Relationship Dissolution: Antecedents, Processes, and Consequences |editor-last2=Feeney |editor-first2=Judith A.}}</ref> and research also shows small effects of attachment avoidance and anxiety in predicting breakup.<ref name="Le-2010" /> Being married at a younger age, having lower income, lower educational attainment, and [[Cohabitation|cohabiting]] before marriage are also associated with risk of divorce and relationship dissolution. These characteristics are not necessarily the inherent causes of dissolution. Rather, they are traits that impact the resources that individuals are able to draw upon to work on their relationships as well as reflections of social and cultural attitudes toward relationship institutions and divorce.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rodrigues |first1=A.E. |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-08138-005 |title=Handbook of divorce and relationship dissolution |last2=Hall |first2=J.G. |last3=Fincham |first3=F.D. |publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers |year=2006 |editor-last=Fine |editor-first=M.A. |pages=85β112 |language=en |chapter=What Predicts Divorce and Relationship Dissolution? |editor-last2=Harvey |editor-first2=J.H.}}</ref> ==== Strategies and consequences ==== Common strategies for ending a relationship include justifying the decision, apologizing, avoiding contact ([[Ghosting (behavior)|ghosting]]), or suggesting a "break" period before revisiting the decision.<ref name="Vangelisti-2013" /> The dissolution of an intimate relationship is a stressful event that can have a negative impact on well-being, and the rejection can elicit strong feelings of [[embarrassment]], [[sadness]], and [[anger]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Berscheid |first1=Ellen |title=A Little Bit about Love |date=1974 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-362950-0.50021-5 |work=Foundations of Interpersonal Attraction |pages=355β381 |access-date=2023-11-18 |publisher=Elsevier |last2=Hatfield |first2=Elaine|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-362950-0.50021-5 |isbn=978-0-12-362950-0 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Following a relationship breakup, individuals are at risk for anxiety, depressive symptoms, problematic substance use, and low [[self-esteem]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Whisman |first1=Mark A. |last2=Salinger |first2=Julia M. |last3=Sbarra |first3=David A. |date=2022-02-01 |title=Relationship dissolution and psychopathology |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X21001159 |journal=Current Opinion in Psychology |volume=43 |pages=199β204 |doi=10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.016 |pmid=34416683 |issn=2352-250X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kansky |first1=Jessica |last2=Allen |first2=Joseph P. |date=2018 |title=Making Sense and Moving On: The Potential for Individual and Interpersonal Growth Following Emerging Adult Breakups |journal=Emerging Adulthood |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=172β190 |doi=10.1177/2167696817711766 |issn=2167-6968 |pmc=6051550 |pmid=30034952}}</ref> However, the period following a break-up can also promote personal growth, particularly if the previous relationship was not fulfilling.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lewandowski |first1=Gary W. |last2=Bizzoco |first2=Nicole M. |date=2007 |title=Addition through subtraction: Growth following the dissolution of a low quality relationship |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17439760601069234 |journal=The Journal of Positive Psychology |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=40β54 |doi=10.1080/17439760601069234 |s2cid=145109937 |issn=1743-9760|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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