Editing Intramuscular injection (section)

==History==
Injections into muscular tissue may have taken place as early as the year 500 AD. Beginning in the late 1800s, the procedure began to be described in more detail and techniques began to be developed by physicians. In the early days of intramuscular injections, the procedure was performed almost exclusively by physicians.<ref name="Nursing2002"/> After the introduction of [[antibiotics]] in the middle of the 20th century, nurses began preparing equipment for intramuscular injections as part of their delegated duties from physicians, and by 1961 they had "essentially taken over the procedure".<ref name="Nursing2002"/> Until this delegation became virtually universal, there were no uniform procedures or education for nurses in proper administration of intramuscular injections, and complications from improper injection were common.<ref name="Nursing2002"/>

Intramuscular injections began to be used for administration of vaccines for [[diphtheria]] in 1923, [[pertussis|whooping cough]] in 1926, and [[tetanus]] in 1927.<ref name="VacHist">{{cite journal |last1=Hebert |first1=CJ |last2=Hall |first2=CM |last3=Odoms |first3=LN |title=Lessons learned and applied: what the 20th century vaccine experience can teach us about vaccines in the 21st century. |journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |date=May 2012 |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=560–8 |doi=10.4161/hv.19204 |pmid=22617834|pmc=3495718 |doi-access=free }}</ref> By the 1970s, researchers and instructors began forming guidance on injection site and technique to reduce the risk of injection complications and side effects such as pain.<ref name="Nursing2002"/> Also in the early 1970s, [[botulinum toxin]] began to be injected into muscles to intentionally paralyze them for therapeutic reasons, and later for cosmetic reasons.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Monheit |first1=GD |last2=Pickett |first2=A |title=AbobotulinumtoxinA: A 25-Year History. |journal=Aesthetic Surgery Journal |date=1 May 2017 |volume=37 |issue=suppl_1 |pages=S4–S11 |doi=10.1093/asj/sjw284 |pmid=28388718|pmc=5434488 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Until the 2000s, aspiration after inserting the needle was recommended as a safety measure, to ensure the injection was being administered in a muscle and not inadvertently in a vein. However, this is no longer recommended as evidence shows no safety benefit and it lengthens the time taken for injection, which causes more pain.<ref name="ACIP" />