Editing Intrapersonal communication (section)

=== Self-concept and self-esteem ===
The self-concept plays a key role in intrapersonal communication. A person's self-concept is what they think and feel about themselves, for example, in relation to their appearance and attitudes as well as strengths and weaknesses.{{sfn|Steinberg|2007|p=142}}{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}}{{sfn|Borgatta|Montgomery|2000|loc=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/psychology/psychology-and-psychiatry/self-esteem Self-esteem]}} So seeing oneself as sincere, respectful, and thoughtful is one self-concept while seeing oneself as mean, abusive, and deceitful is another.{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}} The terms "self-image" and "self-esteem" are sometimes used as synonyms but some theorists draw precise distinctions between them.{{sfn|Steinberg|2007|p=142}} According to [[Carl Rogers]], the self-concept has three parts: self-image, ideal self, and self-worth. [[Self-image]] concerns the properties that a person ascribes to themself. The ideal-self is the ideal the person strives toward or what they want to be like. Self-worth corresponds to whether they see themself overall as a good or a bad person.{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}}

Many theorists use the term "self-esteem" instead of "self-worth".{{sfn|Thompson|2000|loc=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/self-worth self-worth]}}{{sfn|Borgatta|Montgomery|2000|loc=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/psychology/psychology-and-psychiatry/self-esteem Self-esteem]}} Self-esteem is a central aspect characterizing intrapersonal communication and refers to a person's subjective evaluation of their [[abilities]] and characteristics. As a subjective evaluation, it may differ from the facts and is often based mainly on an emotional outlook and less on a [[rational]] judgment.{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}}{{sfn|Borgatta|Montgomery|2000|loc=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/psychology/psychology-and-psychiatry/self-esteem Self-esteem]}} For example, some skilled people suffer from the imposter syndrome, which leads them to believe that they are imposters lacking the skills they actually have.{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}} Self-esteem matters for mental health. Low self-esteem is linked to problems ranging from depression, loneliness, and [[Social alienation|alienation]] to [[drug abuse]] and [[teenage pregnancy]].{{sfn|Borgatta|Montgomery|2000|loc=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/psychology/psychology-and-psychiatry/self-esteem Self-esteem]}} Self-esteem also affects how a person communicates with themself and others.{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}}

The self is not a static or inborn entity but changes throughout life.{{sfn|Steinberg|2007|p=142}} Interactions with other people have an effect on the individual's self-image. This is especially true in relation to how they judge the person and when receiving positive or negative feedback on an important task.{{sfn|Wrench|Punyanunt-Carter|Thweatt|2020|loc=[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication/chapter/3/ 3. Intrapersonal Communication]}} Inner speech is strongly associated with a sense of self. The development of this sense in children is tied to the development of language.{{sfn|Cameron|2015}} There are, however, cases of an internal monologue or inner voice being considered external to the [[self]]. Examples are [[auditory hallucination]]s,{{sfn|Moseley|2014}} the conceptualization of negative or critical thoughts as an [[inner critic]], or a kind of [[interior locution|divine intervention]].{{sfn|Michal Beth Dinkler|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=D9rmBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 124]}}{{sfn|Nicky Hallett|2016|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hd-qCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 50]}} As a [[delusion]], this can be called "[[thought insertion]]".{{sfn|Martin|2013|pp=111–122}} A similar topic is discussed by Simon Jones and Charles Fernyhough, who explain cases of auditory verbal hallucinations as a form of inner speech. Auditory verbal hallucinations are cases in which a person hears speech without any external stimulation. On their view, speech is an inner [[Action (philosophy)|action]] controlled by the agent. But in some pathological cases, it is not recognized as an action. This leads to an auditory verbal hallucination since the voice is experienced as an external or alien element.{{sfn|Jones|Fernyhough|2007|pp=391–399}}