Editing Invincible-class battlecruiser (section)

===World War I===
====Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau====
{{Main|Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau}}
''Indomitable'', accompanied by ''Indefatigable'', under the command of [[Admiral]] [[Archibald Berkeley Milne|Sir Archibald Berkeley Milne]] encountered the battlecruiser ''Goeben'' and the light cruiser ''Breslau'' on the morning of 4 August 1914 headed east after a cursory bombardment of the French Algerian port of [[Philippeville, Algeria|Philippeville]], but Britain and Germany were not yet at war so Milne turned to shadow the Germans as they headed back to [[Messina]] to recoal. All three battlecruisers had problems with their boilers, but ''Goeben'' and ''Breslau'' were able to break contact and reached Messina by the morning of the 5th. By this time war had been declared, after the German invasion of Belgium, but an Admiralty order to respect Italian neutrality and stay outside a six-mile (10&nbsp;km) limit from the Italian coast precluded entrance into the passage of the [[Strait of Messina]] where they could observe the port directly. Therefore, Milne stationed ''Inflexible'' and ''Indefatigable'' at the northern exit of the Straits of Messina, still expecting the Germans to break out to the west where they could attack French troop transports, the light cruiser {{HMS|Gloucester|1909|2}} at the southern exit and sent ''Indomitable'' to recoal at [[Bizerte]] where she was better positioned to react to a German sortie into the Western Mediterranean.<ref>Massie, p. 39</ref>

The Germans sortied from Messina on 6 August and headed east, towards [[Constantinople]], trailed by ''Gloucester''. Milne, still expecting [[Rear Admiral]] [[Wilhelm Souchon]] to turn west, kept the battlecruisers at Malta until shortly after midnight on 8 August when he set sail for [[Cape Matapan]] at a leisurely {{convert|12|kn|0}}, where Goeben had been spotted eight hours earlier. At 2:30&nbsp;p.m. he received an incorrect signal from the Admiralty stating that Britain was at war with Austria – war would not be declared until 12 August and the order was countermanded four hours later, but Milne followed his standing orders to guard the Adriatic against an Austrian break-out attempt, rather than seek ''Goeben''. Finally on 9 August Milne was given clear orders to "chase ''Goeben'' which had passed Cape Matapan on the 7th steering north-east."  Milne still did not believe that Souchon was heading for the Dardanelles, and so he resolved to guard the exit from the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]], unaware that the ''Goeben'' did not intend to come out.<ref>Massie, pp. 45–46</ref> ''Indomitable'' remained in the Mediterranean to blockade the [[Dardanelles]], but ''Inflexible'' was ordered home on 18 August.<ref name=c25>Preston, p. 25</ref>

On 3 November 1914, [[Winston Churchill|Churchill]] ordered the first British attack on the Dardanelles following the opening of hostilities between Turkey and Russia. The attack was carried out by ''Indomitable'' and ''Indefatigable'', as well as the French [[pre-dreadnought battleship]]s {{ship|French battleship|Suffren||2}} and {{ship|French battleship|Vérité||2}}. The intention of the attack was to test the fortifications and measure the Turkish response. The results were deceptively encouraging. In a twenty-minute bombardment, a single shell struck the magazine of the fort at [[Sedd el Bahr]] at the tip of the Gallipoli peninsula, displacing (but not destroying) 10 guns and killing 86 Turkish soldiers. The most significant consequence was that the attention of the Turks was drawn to strengthening their defences, and they set about expanding the mine field.<ref>Carlyon p. 47</ref> This attack actually took place before a formal [[declaration of war]] had been made by Britain against the [[Ottoman Empire]] which happened on 6 November. ''Indomitable'' was ordered to return to England in December where she joined the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron (BCS).<ref name=r22>Roberts, p. 122</ref>

====Battle of Heligoland Bight====
{{Main|Battle of Heligoland (1914)}}
''Invincible''{{'}}s first action was as part of the battlecruiser force under the command of [[David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty|Admiral Beatty]] during the Battle of Heligoland Bight operation on 28 August 1914. Beatty's ships had originally been intended as distant support of the British cruisers and destroyers closer to the German coast in case large units of the [[High Seas Fleet]] sortied in response to the British attacks. They turned south at full speed at 11:35<ref group=Note>The times used in this section are in [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]], which is one hour behind [[Central European Time|CET]], which is often used in German works.</ref> when the British light forces failed to disengage on schedule and the rising tide meant that German capital ships would be able to clear the bar at the mouth of the [[Jade estuary]]. The brand-new light cruiser {{HMS|Arethusa|1913|2}} had been crippled earlier in the battle and was under fire from the light cruisers {{SMS|Strassburg||2}} and {{SMS|Cöln|1909|2}} when Beatty's battlecruisers loomed out of the mist at 12:37. ''Strassburg'' was able to duck into the mists and evade fire, but ''Cöln'' remained visible and was quickly crippled by fire from the squadron. But Beatty was distracted from the task of finishing her off by the sudden appearance of the elderly light cruiser {{SMS|Ariadne||2}} directly to his front. He turned in pursuit, but reduced her to a flaming hulk in only three salvos at a range under {{convert|6000|yd|m}}. At 13:10 Beatty turned north and made a general signal to retire.<ref name=m9>Massie, pp. 109–113</ref> At this time, ''Invincible'', trailing the main body of battlecruisers, opened fire on ''Cöln''. She fired 18 rounds, all misses,<ref>Tarrant, p. 33</ref> before Beatty's main body encountered the crippled ''Cöln'' shortly after turning north and she was sunk by two salvos from {{HMS|Lion|1910|2}}.<ref name=m9/>