Editing J-pop (section)

===1980s: Fusion with "kayōkyoku"===
[[Image:Keigo Oyamada and Ryuichi Sakamoto.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shibuya-kei]] artist [[Cornelius (musician)|Keigo Oyamada]] (left) with [[Yellow Magic Orchestra|YMO]] member [[Ryuichi Sakamoto]]]]

====City pop====
{{Main|City pop}}
In the early 1980s, with the spread of [[car stereo]]s, the term {{Nihongo|city pop|シティーポップ|shitī poppu}} came to describe a type of popular music that had a big city theme.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bounce.com/article/article.php/757|script-title=ja:第14回 ─ シティー・ポップ|trans-title=No. 14 ─ City Pop|publisher=bounce.com|language=ja|date=2003-05-29|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824172024/http://www.bounce.com/article/article.php/757|archive-date=2007-08-24|title=Bounce logo }}</ref> [[Tokyo]] in particular inspired many songs of this form. During this time, music fans and artists in Japan were influenced by [[album-oriented rock]] (especially [[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]]) and [[crossover (music)|crossover]] (especially [[jazz fusion]]).<ref name="citypop" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.j-wave.co.jp/original/musicnavigation/090502.html|title=パパが夢中だったAOR特集！|publisher=[[J-Wave]]|date=2009-05-02|access-date=2009-10-02|language=ja}}</ref> City pop was affected by new music, though its origins have been traced back to the mid-1970s, with the work of the Japanese rock band [[Happy End (band)|Happy End]] and its former member [[Haruomi Hosono]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum=507040069|script-title=ja:シティーポップ勢のベスト盤！|trans-title=Greatest-hits albums by City Pop musicians!|publisher=HMV Japan|date=2005-07-04|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-07}}</ref> as well as [[Tatsuro Yamashita]].<ref name="waxpoetics">{{cite news |title=Ed Motta drops exclusive City Pop Vol. 2 mixtape of smooth and funky Japanese AOR - Wax Poetics |url=http://www.waxpoetics.com/blog/music/mixtape/ed-motta-drops-exclusive-city-pop-vol-2-mixtape-smooth-funky-japanese-aor/ |work=[[Wax Poetics]] |date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629075112/https://www.waxpoetics.com/blog/music/mixtape/ed-motta-drops-exclusive-city-pop-vol-2-mixtape-smooth-funky-japanese-aor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The popularity of city pop plummeted when the [[Japanese asset price bubble]] burst in 1990. Its musical characteristics (except its "cultural background") were inherited by 1990s [[Shibuya-kei]] musicians such as [[Pizzicato Five]] and [[Flipper's Guitar]].<ref name="citypop" />

====Growth of the Japanese rock industry====
{{See also|Visual kei}}

[[Image:Xjapan hongkong.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Concert of pioneer of [[visual kei]], [[X Japan]] at [[Hong Kong]] in 2009 after their 2007 reunion]]
Throughout the 1980s, rock bands such as [[Southern All Stars]], [[RC Succession]], [[Anzen Chitai]], [[The Checkers (Japanese band)|The Checkers]], [[The Alfee]], and [[The Blue Hearts]] became popular. Anzen Chitai came from [[Yosui Inoue]]'s backup band. On December 1, 1983, rock singer [[Yutaka Ozaki]] debuted at the age of 18. In 1986, The Alfee became the first artists to play a concert in front of an audience of 100,000 people in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://music.jp.msn.com/release/351_2.htm |title=The Alfee profile |publisher=MSN Music |language=ja |access-date=2009-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207202841/http://music.jp.msn.com/release/351_2.htm |archive-date=February 7, 2009 }}</ref> Some Japanese musicians, such as [[Boøwy]], [[TM Network]], and [[Buck-Tick]], were influenced by [[New Romanticism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ongen.net/international/serial/tigerhole/newroman/index.php|title=Vol 2: The Special Topic of New Romanticism|publisher=OnGen|date=August 2005|language=ja|access-date=2009-10-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925121525/http://www.ongen.net/international/serial/tigerhole/newroman/index.php|archive-date=2008-09-25}}</ref>

Boøwy became an especially influential rock band, whose members included singer [[Kyosuke Himuro]] and guitarist [[Tomoyasu Hotei]]. Their three albums reached number one in 1988, making them the first male artists to have three number-ones within a single year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/news/show/id/11620|title=EXILEがBOØWY以来20年ぶりに大記録達成|publisher=natalie|date=2008-12-09|language=ja|access-date=2008-12-11}}</ref> Subsequent Japanese rock bands were modeled on this band.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum=310200003|title=Top 100 Japanese pops Artists - No. 22|language=ja|publisher=HMV Japan|date=2003-11-09|access-date=2008-11-21}}</ref> Guitarist [[Tak Matsumoto]], who supported TM Network's concerts, formed rock duo [[B'z]] with singer [[Koshi Inaba]] in 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://music.goo.ne.jp/artist/ARTLISD1000496/index.html|title=B'z|publisher=goo|access-date=2008-01-05|language=ja|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303092220/http://music.goo.ne.jp/artist/ARTLISD1000496/index.html|archive-date=2008-03-03}}</ref>

In the late 1980s, [[all-female band|girl band]] [[Princess Princess (band)|Princess Princess]] became a successful pop-rock band. Their singles "Diamonds" and "Sekai de Ichiban Atsui Natsu" ("World's Hottest Summer") were ranked at the number-one and number-two spots, respectively, on the 1989 Oricon Yearly Single Charts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/f-et-tp0-20081211-439095.html|script-title=ja:嵐がシングル部門で年間1、2位を独占|newspaper=Nikkan Sports|date=2008-12-11|language=ja|access-date=2009-07-23}}</ref>

In the late 1980s, a new trend also emerged in Japanese rock music: the ''[[visual kei]]'', a movement notable by male bands who wore makeup, extravagant hair styles, and androgynous costumes. The most successful representatives of the movement are [[X Japan]] (formerly known as "X") and [[Buck-Tick]]. X Japan released their first album ''[[Vanishing Vision]]'' on the indie label [[Extasy Records]] in 1988; their album ''[[Blue Blood (X Japan album)|Blue Blood]]'' was released on [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan|CBS Sony]] in 1989. ''Blue Blood'' sold 712,000 copies, and their 1991 album ''[[Jealousy (X Japan album)|Jealousy]]'' sold over 1.11&nbsp;million copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/rankmusic/42172/|title=X、初期のリマスター再発商品2作が好調！|publisher=Oricon|date=2007-02-14|language=ja|access-date=2009-07-23}}</ref> Surprisingly, X Japan were a [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band, but guitarist [[Hide (musician)|hide]] later came under the influence of [[alternative rock]], releasing his first solo album ''[[Hide Your Face]]'' in 1994 and launching his successful solo career.<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p372997/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Hide|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=2009-07-23}}</ref>

====Golden age, decline and transfiguration of Idols====
{{See also|Japanese idol}}

In the 1970s, the popularity of female [[Japanese idol|idol]] singers such as [[Mari Amachi]], [[Saori Minami]], [[Momoe Yamaguchi]], and [[Candies (group)|Candies]] increased. Momoe Yamaguchi was one of the first ''[[kayōkyoku]]'' singers to use the special pronunciation characteristic of J-pop.<ref name="kobe" /> In 1972, [[Hiromi Go]] made his debut with the song "Otokonoko Onnanoko" ("Boy and Girl").<ref name="asahi" /> Hiromi Go originally came from [[Johnny & Associates]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/ns/entertainment/p-et-tp0-040708-0015.html |script-title=ja:TOKIOがジャニーズ名曲アルバム発売 |newspaper=Nikkan Sports |date=2004-07-08 |access-date=2009-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040805170050/http://www.nikkansports.com/ns/entertainment/p-et-tp0-040708-0015.html |archive-date=2004-08-05 |language=ja |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1976, female duo [[Pink Lady (duo)|Pink Lady]] made their debut with the single "[[Pepper Keibu (song)|Pepper Keibu]]". They released a record nine consecutive number-one singles.<ref name="seikomatsuda">{{Cite web|url=http://www.universal-music.co.jp/kittymme/artist/matuda/bio.html|title=Seiko Matsuda|publisher=Universal Music Japan|language=ja|access-date=2008-12-29}}</ref>

In the 1980s, Japanese idols inherited New Music, though the term fell out of usage.<ref name="newmusic" /> [[Seiko Matsuda]] especially adopted song producers of previous generations.<ref name="newmusic" /> In 1980, her third single "Kaze wa Aki Iro" ("Wind is autumn color") reached the number-one spot on the Oricon charts.<ref name="seikomatsuda" /> [[Haruomi Hosono]] also joined the production of her music.<ref name="newmusic" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Michel |first1=Patrick St |title=Perfume's GAME |date=22 February 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-2589-2 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Perfume_s_GAME/rVBDDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Seiko+Matsuda+Haruomi+Hosono&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> She eventually became the first artist to make 24 consecutive number-one singles, breaking Pink Lady's record.<ref name="seikomatsuda" /> Other female idol singers achieved significant popularity in the 1980s, such as [[Akina Nakamori]], [[Yukiko Okada]], [[Kyōko Koizumi]], [[Yoko Minamino]], [[Momoko Kikuchi]], [[Yōko Oginome]], [[Miho Nakayama]], [[Minako Honda]], and [[Chisato Moritaka]]. Okada received the Best New Artist award from the [[Japan Record Award]]s in 1984. Nakamori won the Grand Prix award for two consecutive years (1985 and 1986), also at the Japan Record Awards. Japanese idol band [[Onyanko Club]] made their debut in 1985, and produced popular singer [[Shizuka Kudō]]. They changed the image of Japanese idols.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000027275&m=jpop|title=21世紀のおニャン子になるか!? AKB48に話題集中！|trans-title=Can they become Onyanko Club of the 21st century!? AKB48 is in the news!|language=ja|publisher=Barks|date=2006-10-03|access-date=2009-01-30}}</ref>

Around 1985, however, people began to be disenchanted with the system for creating idols.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20060706f3.html|title=Show biz exploits 'volunteerism' image in packaging of latest teen idol|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=2006-07-06|access-date=2009-01-26}}</ref> In 1986, idol singer [[Yukiko Okada]]'s song "Kuchibiru Network" ("Lips' Network"), written by Seiko Matsuda and composed by Ryuichi Sakamoto, became a hit song, but she committed suicide immediately after that.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lounge.ongen.net/special_ml/jukebox/20071206.php|script-title=ja:第2回 女性アイドル特集|trans-title=No. 2. Special of female idols|publisher=OnGen|date=December 2007|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207212153/http://lounge.ongen.net/special_ml/jukebox/20071206.php|archive-date=2009-02-07}}</ref> [[Hikaru Genji (band)|Hikaru Genji]], one of the [[Johnny & Associates]] bands, made their debut in 1987. They became a highly influential rollerskating boy band, with some of their members gaining their own fame as they got older. Their song "Paradise Ginga", written by [[Aska (singer)|Aska]], won the Grand Prix award at the [[30th Japan Record Awards]] in 1988. Some of the group's backing dancers later formed [[SMAP]]. The late 1980s also saw the rise of the female duo [[Wink (Japanese band)|Wink]]. They did not laugh, unlike Japanese idols of former eras. Wink debuted in 1988, surpassing the popularity of the then-most popular female duo, [[BaBe]]. Wink's song "[[Samishii Nettaigyo]]" won the grand prix award at the [[31st Japan Record Awards]] in 1989.

Popular singer [[Hibari Misora]] died in 1989, and many ''kayōkyoku'' programs, such as ''The Best Ten'', were closed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nishinippon.co.jp/nnp/culture/kayou/20061213/20061213_001.shtml |script-title=ja:第6部・演歌巡礼＜2＞前川清 べたつかぬ距離感で歌う |publisher=Nishinippon Shimbun |date=2006-12-13 |language=ja |access-date=2009-01-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206205342/http://www.nishinippon.co.jp/nnp/culture/kayou/20061213/20061213_001.shtml |archive-date=2009-02-06}}</ref> [[CoCo (group)|CoCo]] made their hit debut with the 1989 single "Equal Romance" for the hit [[anime]] series ''[[Ranma ½]]''. [[Tetsuya Komuro]], a member of TM&nbsp;Network, broke Seiko Matsuda's streak of 25 consecutive number-ones by making his single "Gravity of Love" to debut at number-one in November 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/search/result.php?kbn=js&types=rnk&year=1989&month=11&week=4&submit4.x=17&submit4.y=14|title=Oricon Weekly Single Charts for the fourth week of November 1989|publisher=Oricon|access-date=2008-12-10|language=ja}}</ref>