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Jan Olszewski
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==Post-Premiership== ===Parliamentary career: 1992–2005=== {{See also|1993 Polish parliamentary election|1995 Polish presidential election|1997 Polish parliamentary election|2000 Polish presidential election}} [[File:Wizyta Jana Pawła II w Sejmie RP (1999) 10.jpg|thumb|right|215px|Olszewski greeting Pope [[John Paul II]] to the [[Sejm and Senate Complex of Poland|Sejm and Senate Complex]], 1999]] Following his dismissal, Olszewski resumed his career as a member of the Sejm. Olszewski departed from the [[Centre Agreement]] in the summer of 1992 with a number of other rebel MPs, creating the Movement for the Republic.<ref name=Millard60>[[#Millard|Millard]], p. 60</ref> The new party was joined by other anti-Wałęsa and former Solidarity supporters, carrying a quasi-nationalist and ultra-Catholic platform.<ref name=Millard60/><ref name=Bugajski375>[[#CITEREFBugajski1994|Bugajski]], pp. 375-376</ref> As a parliamentarian, Olszewski led his club's opposition to the [[Small Constitution of 1992|Small Constitution]], believing it did not offer a clear break from the Stalinist constitution of 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/Debata1.nsf/5c30b337b5bc240ec125746d0030d0fc/1597b0c31d20cf25c125750c004474d7?OpenDocument|author=Jan Olszewski|publisher=[[Sejm]]|title=Sprawozdanie Komisji Nadzwyczajnej o poselskim projekcie ustawy konstytucyjnej o wzajemnych stosunkach między władzą ustawodawczą i wykonawczą Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (druki nr 126, 403 i 403-A).|access-date=16 June 2014|date=31 July 1992}}</ref> Olszewski led his party to support the [[vote of no confidence]] against Prime Minister [[Hanna Suchocka]] in 1993, believing her economic policies had harmed the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/Debata1.nsf/5c30b337b5bc240ec125746d0030d0fc/44c91be5b301fd14c125750f0043e302?OpenDocument|author=Jan Olszewski|publisher=[[Sejm]]|title=Projekt uchwały o wyrażenie wotum nieufności Radzie Ministrów (druk nr 940).|access-date=16 June 2014|date=27 May 1993}}</ref> In the subsequent [[1993 Polish parliamentary election|elections that year]], Olszewski lost his seat as the electorate swung to the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] (led by [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]]), despite a failed attempt to reunite rightist forces with the Centre Agreement, now headed by [[Jarosław Kaczyński]].<ref name=Millard63>[[#Millard|Millard]], pp. 63–71</ref> In 1995, Olszewski launched a bid for the presidency in [[1995 Polish presidential election|that year's presidential election]] in order to replace his rival Wałęsa. Campaigning on an anti-communist and patriotic platform, Olszewski garnered 1,225,453 votes, with nearly seven percent of the vote and earned fourth place.<ref name=Millard81>[[#Millard|Millard]], pp. 81–83</ref> However, both he and Wałęsa lost to winning left-wing candidate Aleksander Kwaśniewski from [[Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland|Social Democracy]].<ref name=Millard82>[[#Millard|Millard]], p. 82</ref> Later in the same year, in an attempt to consolidate the former premier's relatively strong performance in the presidential ballot, Olszewski and his supporters established the [[Movement for Reconstruction of Poland|Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland]].<ref name=Szczerbiak80>[[#CITEREFSzczerbiak2001|Szczerbiak]], p. 80</ref> Under the new party banner, poll numbers initially gave Olszewski's block a sixteen percent approval rating by the middle of 1996, yet this period was cut short with the creation of [[Solidarity Electoral Action]], a rival conservative alliance led by [[Marian Krzaklewski]].<ref name=Brown46>[[#Brown|Brown]], p. 46</ref> The results of the [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997 parliamentary election]] garnered Olszewski's party with 5.6 percent of the vote, returning the former premier to the [[Sejm]] with six seats.<ref name=Szczerbiak79>[[#CITEREFSzczerbiak2001|Szczerbiak]], p. 79</ref> During this period, Olszewski supported Prime Minister [[Jerzy Buzek]]'s 1997 concordant with the [[Holy See]], reasoning that the [[Catholic Church]] was "one of the most important, if not the most important, and certainly the most durable, longest-running and most rooted institution in Polish national life and culture".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/Debata3.nsf/5c30b337b5bc240ec125746d0030d0fc/9b63d840cd124bdfc1257491003b8200?OpenDocument|author=Jan Olszewski|publisher=[[Sejm]]|title=Pierwsze czytanie rządowego projektu ustawy o ratyfikacji konkordatu między Stolicą Apostolską i Rzecząpospolitą Polską (druk nr 30).|access-date=10 November 2013|date=12 December 1997}}</ref> At the same time, Olszewski also generally supported European integration and the government's efforts for Poland's accession into the [[European Union]], though stressed reservations on the economic conditions of integration, particularly insisting that the national banking sector must remain within domestic hands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/Debata3.nsf/5c30b337b5bc240ec125746d0030d0fc/38ffa371564d980dc1257491003e2ebc?OpenDocument|author=Jan Olszewski|publisher=[[Sejm]]|title=8. Informacja rządu o stanie przygotowań Polski do integracji z Unią Europejską. 9. Pierwsze czytanie komisyjnego projektu uchwały Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w sprawie członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej (druk nr 223).|access-date=10 November 2013|date=19 March 1998}}</ref> However, the Movement became increasingly marginalized due to numerous party splits.<ref name=Szczerbiak95>[[#CITEREFSzczerbiak2001|Szczerbiak]], pp. 95–96</ref> During the [[2000 Polish presidential election|2000 presidential election]], Olszewski stood again as a candidate, but withdrew from the race shortly before the vote<ref name=Millard41>[[#Millard|Millard]], p. 41</ref> and later supported the Solidarity Electoral Action candidate Marian Krzaklewski.<ref name=Millard46>[[#Millard|Millard]], p. 46</ref> Olszewski was reelected to the Sejm in [[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]], with his party allied with the populist far-right [[League of Polish Families]].<ref name=Pankowski112>[[#CITEREFPankowski2010|Pankowski]], p. 112</ref> However, Olszewski broke with the League shortly after his reelection over policy differences.<ref name=Millard123>[[#Millard|Millard]], p. 123</ref> Prior to Poland's admission into the EU in 2004, Olszewski expressed worry that Poland's [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|accession to the European Union]] would pave the way for Germans to make property claims regarding land seized during the [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|population expulsions]] at the end of [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Olszewski |first1=Jan |title=4 kadencja, 72 posiedzenie, 4 dzień - Poseł Jan Olszewski |url=http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/Debata4.nsf/5c30b337b5bc240ec125746d0030d0fc/d75c6fb738a54b78c125747800426072?OpenDocument |website=orka2.sejm.gov.pl}}</ref> The former premier also expressed in 2005 his support for strong security and political relations with the United States within a transatlantic framework, though expressed reservations to stronger ties with Germany until property claims were dealt with.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/Debata4.nsf/5c30b337b5bc240ec125746d0030d0fc/46ceb8179f913d77c1257479003d8e01?OpenDocument|author=Jan Olszewski|publisher=[[Sejm]]|title=Informacja Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych o zadaniach polskiej polityki zagranicznej w 2005 roku.|access-date=10 November 2013|date=21 January 2005}}</ref> In 2005, Olszewski, along with his former cabinet ministers [[Antoni Macierewicz]] and [[Gabriel Janowski]], created the Patriotic Movement, a right-wing nationalist political block combining the forces of his own party with those of the [[National-Catholic Movement]] and the [[Polish Alliance]], where he became the head of the new organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/77263/Patriotyczny-Olszewski/|publisher=’’[[Wprost]]’’|title=Patriotyczny Olszewski.|access-date=17 June 2014|date=1 June 2005}}</ref> In that year's [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|parliamentary election]], Olszewski ran for a [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] seat in the [[Warsaw]] constituency for the [[Law and Justice]] list, but was defeated, coming sixth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.money.pl/gospodarka/politycy/olszewski,jan,polityk,644.html|publisher=Money.pl|title=Jan Olszewski|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> Following his exit from parliament after his failed Senat bid, Olszewski was appointed as deputy chairman of the [[State Tribunal (Poland)|State Tribunal]] between 2005 and 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trybunalstanu.pl/SitePages/Poprzednie%20kadencje.aspx|publisher=[[State Tribunal (Poland)|State Tribunal]]|title=Poprzednie kadencje Trybunału Stanu|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> President [[Lech Kaczyński]] later appointed Olszewski as a presidential adviser in April 2006, a position he held until Kaczyński's death in the [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash|2010 Smolensk air disaster]].<ref name=pres/>
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