Editing Lecturer (section)

===Other countries===
{{Further|List of academic ranks}}
[[File:Iranian lecturer sample 2014.jpg|thumb|right|An [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] young [[associate professor]], teaching [[C (programming language)|C language]] [[Computer programming|programming]] and [[microcontroller]]s in [[Mohajer Technical And Vocational College of Isfahan]].]]
In other countries, usage varies. 

In [[Israel]], the term has a meaning in academia similar to that in the UK.

In [[Academic ranks in France|France]], the title ''maître de conférences'' ("lecture master") is a permanent position that covers research and teaching (and usually administrative responsibilities). It is the lower of the two permanent faculty ranks (the other being ''professeur des universités'' or "university professor").<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006064492|title=Décret n°84-431 du 6 juin 1984 fixant les dispositions statutaires communes applicables aux enseignants-chercheurs et portant statut particulier du corps des professeurs des universités et du corps des maîtres de conférences|website=legifrance.gouv.fr|access-date=2018-11-02}}</ref> The title of ''lecteur'' is used for teachers of foreign languages with no research responsibilities.<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n°87-754 du 14 septembre 1987 relatif au recrutement de lecteurs de langue étrangère et de maîtres de langue étrangère dans les établissements publics d'enseignement supérieur relevant du ministre chargé de l'enseignement supérieur|date=14 September 1987|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000867627|access-date=2018-11-02}}</ref>

In German-speaking countries, the term ''lektor'' historically denoted a teaching position below a professor, primarily responsible for delivering and organizing lectures. The contemporary equivalent is ''dozent''. Nowadays, the German term ''lektor'' exists only in philology or modern-language departments at German-speaking universities for positions that primarily involve teaching a foreign language.  The equivalent rank within the German university system is something like ''Juniorprofessor'', ''Dozent'', ''Hochschuldozent'', ''Juniordozent'', ''Akademischer Rat'' or ''-Oberrat'',  ''Lehrkraft für besondere Aufgaben'', and the like. The ranks ''Lecturer'' and ''Senior Lecturer'' are also increasingly being adopted by universities in Germany and the [[German-speaking Switzerland|German-speaking part of Switzerland]]. It is used for some members of academic staff with permanent positions.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-09 |author=Hochschulrektorenkonferenz |language=de |title=Leitlinien für unbefristete Stellen an Universitäten neben der Professur |url=https://www.hrk.de/positionen/beschluss/detail/leitlinien-fuer-unbefristete-stellen-an-universitaeten-neben-der-professur/}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=(Senior) Researcher & (Senior) Lecturer |url=https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/university/academic-career-options-at-the-university-of-bremen/senior-researcher-senior-lecturer |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=www.uni-bremen.de |publisher=[[University of Bremen]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-15 |title=New Career Opportunities |url=https://www.news.uzh.ch/en/articles/news/2022/academic-careers.html |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=www.news.uzh.ch |publisher=[[University of Zurich]] |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Poland]], the related term ''wykładowca'', is used for a teaching-only position, and as profession, academic teacher (''nauczyciel akademicki''), also with doctoral degrees or title of professor.

In [[Russia]], a ''lektor'' is not an academic rank or a position name, but simply a description of an educator who delivers a set of lectures on a specific course. The title doesn't carry any particular teaching or research obligations and is simply a technical description. While lektors tend to be senior educators (such as professors or associate professors), any member of the faculty from an associate up can deliver lectures.

In [[Norway]], a ''lektor'', University Lektor and University College Lektor are academic ranks at universities and university colleges in Norway. The requirements for such position is a combination of relevant degree on master level (five years master or bachelor plus two years master) or higher, research experience, teaching experience and pedagogic education and training. The rank is similar to lecturer in Great Britain.
The rank is also an academic rank which enables a teacher to lecture at [[Ungdomsskole]] (secondary school) on specialized fields and [[Videregående skole]] (high school) level. All teacher students in Norway are now required to reach a master's degree in order to be able to teach at all levels up to universities and university colleges. 

[[File:Mathematics lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology.jpg|thumb|right|A [[mathematics]] [[lecture]], apparently about [[linear algebra]], at [[Helsinki University of Technology]], [[Finland]].]]
In [[Sweden]] and [[Denmark]], a ''lektor'' or ''universitetslektor'' is an academic rank similar to that of senior lecturer in Great Britain and associate professor in USA. The ''lektor'' holds the position below professor in rank.

In [[Estonia]], lektor (lecturer) is an academic rank equivalent to associate professor in the US and senior lecturer in Great Britain. Lecturers in Estonia usually hold PhD degree and are engaged in lecturing and research.

In [[Singapore]], a lecturer at the [[National University of Singapore]] is a full-time and renewable position that includes both the opportunities for research funding and for promotion to associate professor on the [[Educator Track]]. It is equivalent to [[assistant professor]] at a US university.

In [[South Korea]], the term ''gangsa'' (강사) is the literal translation of "part-time lecturer". A gangsa is usually part-time, paid by the number of hours of teaching. No research or administrative obligation is attached. In many disciplines, gangsa is regarded as a first step in one's academic career. In Korea, the tenure position started from "full-time lecturer". The tenure track positions in South Korea are "full-time lecturer (JunImGangSa, 전임강사)", "assistant professor (JoKyoSu, 조교수)", "associate professor (BuKyosu, 부교수)", and "professor (KyoSu or JungKyosu, 교수 or 정교수, respectively)". Therefore, "full-time lecturer" is the same position as "assistant professor" in other countries, including the US.

In the Netherlands, a "lector" used to be equivalent to the rank of associate professor at universities. Nowadays, it is the highest academic rank at [[vocational university|universities of applied sciences]]. At regular universities, this rank does not exist anymore.