Editing Li Hongzhang (section)

==Family==
Li's ancestral family name was actually [[Xǔ (surname)|Xǔ]] ({{lang|zh-hant|許}}). His ancestors had migrated from [[Hukou County|Hukou]], [[Jiangxi|Jiangxi Province]] to [[Hefei]], [[Anhui|Anhui Province]]. Li's eighth-great-grandfather, Xu Yingxi ({{lang|zh-hant|許迎溪}}), had given up his second son, Xu Shen ({{lang|zh-hant|許慎}}), for adoption by a relative, Li Xinzhuang ({{lang|zh-hant|李心莊}}). Xu Shen and his descendants had taken [[Li (surname 李)|Li]] ({{lang|zh-hant|李}}) to be their family name since then. Li's father, Li Wen'an (李文安; 1801–1855), obtained a [[Imperial examination#Degree types|''jinshi'' degree]] in the [[imperial examination]] in 1838 – the same year as [[Zeng Guofan]]. Li Wen'an also served as a ''langzhong'' ({{lang|zh-hant|郎中}}) in the [[Three Departments and Six Ministries|Ministry of Justice]].

Li had one elder brother and four younger brothers; he was the second son in his family. His elder brother, {{ill|Li Hanzhang|zh|李瀚章|ja|李瀚章|ko|이한장}} ({{lang|zh-hant|李瀚章}}; 1821–1899), served as a [[Grand coordinator and provincial governor|''xunfu'']] and [[Viceroys in China|''zongdu'']] in a number of provinces. His third brother, Li Hezhang ({{lang|zh-hant|李鶴章}}; 1825–1880), served as a military officer. His fourth brother was Li Yunzhang ({{lang|zh-hant|李蘊章}}), his fifth brother was Li Fengzhang ({{lang|zh-hant|李鳳章}}), and his sixth brother was Li Zhaoqing ({{lang|zh-hant|李昭慶}}; 1835–1873).

Li's first primary spouse, Lady Zhou ({{lang|zh-hant|周氏}}), bore him a son, Li Jingyu ({{lang|zh-hant|李經毓}}), who died prematurely. Lady Zhou died of illness in 1861.

Li's second primary spouse, Zhao Xiaolian ({{lang|zh-hant|趙小蓮}}), bore him another son, Li Jingshu ({{lang|zh-hant|李經述}}). Li Jingshu inherited his father's peerage as [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Notable titles|Marquis Suyi]] ({{lang|zh-hant|肅毅侯}}), but died early. Li Jingshu's son, Li Guojie ({{lang|zh-hant|李國傑}}; 1881–1939), inherited the Marquis Suyi peerage and served in a number of official positions in the final years of the [[Qing dynasty]]. He became an official and industrialist in the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] later. Li Guojie also married the daughter of Natong ({{lang|zh-hant|那桐}}; 1857–1925), who served in the [[Grand Secretariat]] and [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Grand Council]].<ref name="Rhoads2000">{{cite book|author=Edward J. M. Rhoads|title=Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928|url=https://archive.org/details/manchushanethnic00rhoa|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-98040-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/manchushanethnic00rhoa/page/n93 76]–77}}</ref>

Li's secondary spouse, Lady Mo ({{lang|zh-hant|莫氏}}), bore him three sons: Li Jingyuan ({{lang|zh-hant|李經遠}}), {{ill|Li Jingmai|zh|李經邁}} ({{lang|zh-hant|李經邁}}; 1876–1938) and Li Jingjin ({{lang|zh-hant|李經進}}). Among the three, only Li Jingmai survived into adulthood. He served as the Qing Empire's Ambassador to [[Austria-Hungary]] and a Right Vice Secretary ({{lang|zh-hant|右侍郎}}) in the Ministry of Civil Affairs ({{lang|zh-hant|民政部}}).

Li had three daughters. One of them, Li Ju'ou ({{lang|zh-hant|李菊藕}}), married [[Zhang Peilun]] (1848–1903) and bore the father of the writer [[Eileen Chang]] (1920–1995). The other two daughters married Guo Enhou ({{lang|zh-hant|郭恩垕}}), the magistrate of [[Weifang|Weifang County]], and Ren Dehe ({{lang|zh-hant|任德和}}), the ''zhushi'' ({{lang|zh-hant|主事}}) of [[Yixing|Yixing County]].

Li also adopted [[Li Jingfang]] (1855–1934), a son of his sixth brother Li Zhaoqing. Li Jingfang served as the Qing Empire's Ambassador to Japan and a Left Vice Secretary ({{lang|zh-hant|左侍郎}}) in the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications ({{lang|zh-hant|郵傳部}}).

Li's brother Li Hanzhang ({{lang|zh-hant|李瀚章}}) had a daughter named Li Peisheng ({{lang|zh-hant|李佩生}}).

His grandson, [[Li Shiu Tong]], would become a sexologist known for his work and relationship with his mentor and romantic partner [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], and would posthumously be recognized as a researcher in his own right following the rediscovery of his manuscripts.<ref name="SCMP2020">{{cite web|access-date=2022-06-06|title=No historical basis for Hong Kong's bad attitude to same-sex couples|first=Jason|last=Wordie|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3073872/acceptance-same-sex-relationship-1930s-hong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602090011/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3073872/acceptance-same-sex-relationship-1930s-hong|archive-date=2022-06-02|date=10 March 2020|website=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref>