Editing List of ZX Spectrum clones (section)

===Czech & Czechoslovak ===

==== Bobo64 ====
The '''Bobo64''' was an advanced Czech computer compatible with the ZX Spectrum, developed by Václav Daněček<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1991 |title=Rozsireni pameti BOBO 64 na 256KB |url=http://sindik.at/data/Mbaze_91_01.pdf |journal=Microbaze Hobby |issue=1 |pages=12}}</ref> between 1986 and 1987. It has many enhancements over the original ZX Spectrum, including 256×256 graphics with attributes per 8&nbsp;x&nbsp;1 pixels, and 512&nbsp;x&nbsp;256 graphics. Unlike other Czechoslovak home-made ZX Spectrum clones, the Bobo64 gained some popularity, and was built by dozens of enthusiasts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OldComp.cz • Zobrazit téma - Bobo64 |url=https://www.oldcomp.cz/viewtopic.php?t=1630&p=132161 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.oldcomp.cz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bobo64 – .:darkbyte:. |url=https://blog.darkbyte.sk/?p=318020 |access-date=2023-01-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Didaktik series ====
{{Main|Didaktik}}
The '''[[Didaktik]]''' was a series of home computers produced by Didaktik in [[Skalica]], in the former [[Czechoslovakia]].<ref>{{cite web |date=15 December 2014 |title=Home Computers Behind The Iron Curtain |url=https://hackaday.com/2014/12/15/home-computers-behind-the-iron-curtain/ |accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Didaktik Skalica Ltd. |url=https://zx.interface1.net/clones/didaktik.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=zx.interface1.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kompakt Didaktik |url=https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=953 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.old-computers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum |url=https://www.old-computers.com/museum/company.asp?st=1&m=162 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.old-computers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Domov |url=https://www.didaktik.sk/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.didaktik.sk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1000BiT - Computers list by manufacturer |url=https://www.1000bit.it/database2.asp?id=393 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.1000bit.it}}</ref>

The first model compatible with the ZX Spectrum was the '''Didaktik Gama''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sinclaircollection.site/?page_id=502|title=Didaktik Gama – Sinclair Collection Site}}</ref> based on the [[U880]] or [[Zilog Z80]] [[central processing unit|processors]] and the original ULA chip. It was produced in three variants between 1987 and 1989. The Gama has a built-in 8255 chip (used for the Kempston joystick, and also as a printer port) and 80&nbsp;KB RAM, adding an alternative memory bank from the address 32768 to 65535.

The Gama was followed by the cheaper '''Didaktik M'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sinclaircollection.site/?page_id=504|title=Didaktik M – Sinclair Collection Site}}</ref> (first variant released in 1990; the second in 1991). The model M had a modernised case, Sinclair and Kempston Joystick ports, and a keyboard with cursors and reset key. The design, however, was of lower quality than the Gama. Its screen aspect ratio and display timing are different from the original ZX Spectrum because the M uses a different ULA chip, compatible with the Belarusian clone Baltik. It ran at 4&nbsp;MHz. The final model was the '''Didaktik Kompakt''' (1991) which integrated all previous M hardware with a 3.5″ floppy disk drive.

Unlike previous versions, the '''Didaktik 192K''' was an amateur project, partly combining the hardware of the Didaktik Gama and the ZX Spectrum 128K.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cygnus.speccy.cz/popis_prestavba_didaktik-gama-192k.php|title=Cygnusova stránka o Sinclair ZX Spectrum|website=cygnus.speccy.cz}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Didaktik Gama.jpg|Didaktik Gama (pre 1989 design)
File:Gama 1989.jpg|Didaktik Gama (post 1989 design)
File:Didaktik M.jpg|Didaktik M
</gallery>

==== Krišpín ====
The '''Krišpín'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oldcomp.cz/viewtopic.php?f=51&t=10200&start=15#p143199|title=OldComp.cz • Zobrazit téma - Krišpín - Československý klon ZX Spectra|website=oldcomp.cz}}</ref> was a czechoslovakian clone of the ZX Spectrum, developed by František Kubiš at 1984, a student of EF SVŠT (Electrotechnical Faculty of [[Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava|Slovak Technical University]]) [[Bratislava]]. The ULA was designed using discrete 74xx ICs, which resulted in the screen part of RAM being synchronised perfectly, without CPU blocking. {{Citation needed|reason=Source,more information|date=January 2018}}

==== MISTRUM ==== 
{{about|2=other uses of 'Mistrum'|3=Gender-neutral title#Titles in use or proposed for common use{{!}}"Gender-neutral title"}}Another Czechoslovakian clone of the 48K ZX Spectrum, the '''MISTRUM,''' was supplied in [[Electronic kit|kit form]]. The ROM was modified to include letters with Czech [[Diacritic|diacritic marks]]. An article on how to build a Mistrum was published in the Czechoslovak [[amateur radio]] magazine ''Amatérské Radio'' 1/89.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1989 |title=MISTRUMZX Spectrum re-engineered |url=http://users.tpg.com.au/maba/MISTRUMwebsite/pdfs/MISTRUM-ZX_Spectrum_re-engineered_%28in%20English%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825120442/http://users.tpg.com.au/maba/MISTRUMwebsite/pdfs/MISTRUM-ZX_Spectrum_re-engineered_%28in%20English%29.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-25  |journal=Amatérské Radio |volume=XXXVIII |issue=1}}</ref>
==== Nucleon ====
The '''Nucleon''' was a Czech clone of the [[Pentagon (computer)|Pentagon 512K]], made by CSS Electronics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hackster.io/news/css-electronics-zx-nucleon-is-an-eight-bit-clone-of-a-clone-designed-with-russian-software-in-mind-0695274c412f|title=CSS Electronics' ZX Nucleon Is an Eight-Bit Clone-of-a-Clone Designed with Russian Software in Mind|website=Hackster.io}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:ZX Nucleon 512K ver. 1D.jpg|ZX Nucleon 512K ver. 1D
</gallery>

==== Sparrow 48K ====
The '''Sparrow 48K''' is the first modern clone of the ZX Spectrum designed to replace the original motherboard in standard and Spectrum+ case.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zxsparrow.com/speccy_hw/Sparrow48K/index_eng.html|title=Sparrow 48K}}</ref> Production commenced in 2013. In addition to the use of the original ULA chip, this clone was heavily modernised, replacing part of the larger glue logic with one CPLD chip, the entire main memory with one SRAM chip, and all 8 video memory chips with a second SRAM. The TV modulator has been dropped in favour of a video signal, and the [[Power supply unit (computer)|PSU]] was changed and improved. The Sparrow also offers a larger ROM, which can be increased by 16 KB via a switch or a jumper.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zxsparrow.com/speccy_hw/Sparrow48K/index_eng.html|title=Sparrow 48K|website=zxsparrow.com}}</ref> The successor is the Sparrow SX, with software ROM switching  and RTC.