Editing MPEG-2 (section)

==Applications==

=== DVD-Video ===

{{Main|DVD-Video}}

The [[DVD-Video]] standard uses MPEG-2 video, but imposes some restrictions:
* Allowed Dimensions
** 720 × 480, 704 × 480, 352 × 480, 352 × 240 pixel (NTSC)
** 720 × 576, 702 × 576, 352 × 576, 352 × 288 pixel (PAL)
* Allowed [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect ratios]] (Display AR)
** 4:3 (for [[letterboxed]] widescreen and non-widescreen frames)
** 16:9 (for [[anamorphic widescreen]]<ref group="dvdaspect">1.85:1 and 2.35:1, among others, are often listed as valid DVD aspect ratios, but are wider film aspects with letterbox style padding to create a 16:9 image</ref>)
<references group="dvdaspect" />
* Allowed frame rates
** 29.97 interlaced frame/s (NTSC)
** 23.976 progressive frame/s (for NTSC 2:3 pull-down to 29.97<ref group="dvdrates">By using a pattern of REPEAT_FIRST_FIELD flags on the headers of encoded pictures, pictures can be displayed for either two or three fields and almost any picture display rate (minimum {{frac|2|3}} of the frame rate) can be achieved. This is most often used to display 23.976 (approximately film rate) video on NTSC. See [[telecine]] for more information on how this works.</ref>)
** 25&nbsp;interlaced frame/s (PAL)
<references group="dvdrates" />
* Audio + video bitrate
** Video peak 9.8&nbsp;Mbit/s
** Total peak 10.08&nbsp;Mbit/s
** Minimum 300&nbsp;kbit/s
* [[Chroma subsampling|YUV 4:2:0]]
* Additional subtitles possible
* [[Closed captioning#DVDs and Blu-ray Discs|Closed captioning]] (NTSC only)
* Audio
** [[LPCM|Linear Pulse Code Modulation]] (LPCM): 48&nbsp;kHz or 96&nbsp;kHz; 16- or 24-bit; up to six channels (not all combinations possible due to bitrate constraints)
** MPEG Layer 2 (MP2): 48&nbsp;kHz, up to 5.1 channels (required in PAL players only)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (DD, also known as AC-3): 48&nbsp;kHz, 32&ndash;448&nbsp;kbit/s, up to 5.1 channels
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (DTS): 754&nbsp;kbit/s or 1510&nbsp;kbit/s (not required for DVD player compliance)
** NTSC DVDs must contain at least one LPCM or Dolby Digital audio track.
** PAL DVDs must contain at least one MPEG Layer 2, LPCM, or Dolby Digital audio track.
** Players are not required to play back audio with more than two channels, but must be able to [[downmixing|downmix]] multichannel audio to two channels.
* GOP structure (Group Of Pictures)
** Sequence header must be present at the beginning of every GOP
** Maximum frames per GOP: 18 (NTSC) / 15 (PAL), i.e. 0.6 seconds both
** Closed GOP required for multi-angle DVDs

===HDV===
{{Main|HDV}}

HDV is a format for recording and playback of high-definition MPEG-2 video on a DV cassette tape.

===MOD and TOD===
{{Main|MOD and TOD (video format)}}

MOD and TOD are recording formats for use in consumer digital file-based camcorders.

===XDCAM===
{{Main|XDCAM}}

XDCAM is a professional file-based video recording format.

===DVB===
Application-specific restrictions on MPEG-2 video in the [[Digital Video Broadcasting|DVB]] standard:

Allowed resolutions for [[SDTV]]:
* 720, 704, 544, 528, 480 or 352 × 480 pixel, 24/1.001, 24, 30/1.001 or 30 frame/s
* 352 × 240 pixel, 24/1.001, 24, 30/1.001 or 30 frame/s
* 720, 702, 544, 528, 480 or 352 × 576 pixel, 25 frame/s
* 352 × 288 pixel, 25 frame/s
For HDTV:
* 720 x 576 x 50 frame/s progressive (576p50)
* 1280 x 720 x 25 or 50 frame/s progressive (720p50/720p50)
* 1440 or 1920 x 1080 x 25 frame/s progressive (1080p25 = film mode)
* 1440 or 1920 x 1080 x 25 frame/s interlace (1080i50)

===ATSC===
{{Main|ATSC standards}}

The ATSC A/53 standard used in the United States, uses MPEG-2 video at the Main Profile @ High Level (MP@HL), with additional restrictions such as the maximum bitrate of 19.39&nbsp;Mbit/s for broadcast television and 38.8&nbsp;Mbit/s for cable television, 4:2:0 [[chroma subsampling]] format, and mandatory colorimetry information.

ATSC allows the following video resolutions, aspect ratios, and frame/field rates:
* 1920 × 1080 pixel (16:9, square pixels), at 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, 59.94i.
* 1280 × 720 pixel (16:9, square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, or 23.976p
* 704 × 480 pixel (4:3 or 16:9, non-square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, or 59.94i
* 640 × 480 pixel (4:3, square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, or 59.94i

ATSC standard A/63 defines additional resolutions and aspect rates for 50&nbsp;Hz (PAL) signal.

The ATSC specification and MPEG-2 allow the use of progressive frames, even within an interlaced video sequence. For example, a station that transmits 1080i60 video sequence can use a coding method where those 60 fields are coded with 24 progressive frames and metadata instructs the decoder to interlace them and perform 3:2 pulldown before display. This allows broadcasters to switch between 60&nbsp;Hz interlaced (news, soap operas) and 24&nbsp;Hz progressive (prime-time) content without ending the MPEG-2 sequence and introducing several seconds of delay as the TV switches formats. This is the reason why 1080p30 and 1080p24 sequences allowed by the ATSC specification are not used in practice.

The 1080-line formats are encoded with 1920 × 1088 pixel luma matrices and 960 × 540 chroma matrices, but the last 8 lines are discarded by the MPEG-2 decoding and display process.

ATSC A/72 is the newest revision of ATSC standards for digital television, which allows the use of H.264/AVC video coding format and 1080p60 signal.

MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the [[Digital Television|DTV]] "[[Grand Alliance (HDTV)|Grand Alliance]]" shootout, but lost out to [[Dolby AC-3]].

===ISDB-T===
Technical features of MPEG-2 in ATSC are also valid for [[ISDB-T]], except that in the main TS has aggregated a second program for mobile devices compressed in [[MPEG-4]] H.264 AVC for video and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]]-LC for audio, mainly known as [[1seg]].

===Blu-ray===
{{Main|Blu-ray}}
MPEG-2 is one of the three supported video coding formats supported by Blu-ray Disc. Early Blu-ray releases typically used MPEG-2 video, but recent releases are almost always in  [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC|H.264]] or occasionally [[VC-1]]. Only MPEG-2 video (MPEG-2 part 2) is supported, Blu-ray does not support MPEG-2 audio (parts 3 and 7). Additionally, the container format used on Blu-ray discs is an MPEG-2 transport stream, regardless of which audio and video codecs are used.