Editing Maranao language (section)

== Grammar ==

=== Case markers ===
In contrast to [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] which has three case markers ({{lang|tl|ang/ng/sa}}), and [[Ilocano language|Iloko]] which has two ({{lang|ilo|ti/iti}}), Maranao has four: ({{lang|mrw|so/ko/o/sa}}).
{| class="wikitable"
|+Maranao Case Markers<ref name="Alonto et al. 2009">{{Cite book |last=Alonto |first=Almahdi G. |title=Maranao Dialogs and Drills |last2=Adam |first2=Abdullah B. |last3=Zorc |first3=R. David |date=2009 |publisher=Dunwoody Press |isbn=978-1-931546-65-2 |editor-last=Lobel |editor-first=Jason |location=Hyattsville, Md. |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A Maranao Dictionary 1967" />
!
! colspan="2" |Common
! colspan="2" |Personal
|-
!Case
!Indefinite
!Definite
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
(Subject)
|{{Lang|mrw|so}}
|{{Lang|mrw|i}}
|{{Lang|mrw|si}}
|{{Lang|mrw|siki}}
|-
|'''Ergative'''
(Direct Object)
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|mrw|sa}}
|{{Lang|mrw|o}}
|{{Lang|mrw|i}}
|{{Lang|mrw|i kisi}}
|-
|'''Oblique/Locative'''
(Benefactor/Location)

'''Genitive'''

(Possessive)
|{{Lang|mrw|ko}}
|{{Lang|mrw|ki}}
|{{Lang|mrw|sa kisi}}
|}
Curiously, the {{Lang|mrw|sa}} is ''indefinite'' in Maranao, whereas it is definite/specific in Cebuano and Tagalog.

=== Pronouns ===
Maranao pronouns can be free or bound to the word/morpheme before it.<ref name="A Maranao Dictionary 1967" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaufman |first=Daniel |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/07/70/130770395534694674649839873268234450496/20_Kaufman_McKaughan2010.pdf |title=Piakandatu Ami: Dr. Howard P. McKaughan |date=2010 |publisher=Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines |isbn=978-971-780-026-4 |editor-last=Billings |editor-first=Loren |location=Manila |pages=132–157 |language=en |chapter=The Grammar of Clitics in Maranao |editor-last2=Goudswaard |editor-first2=Nelleke |via=SIL}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Meaning
!Nominative
(free)
!Nominative
(bound)
!Genitive/Ergative
(bound)
!Oblique
(free)
|-
|I
|{{Lang|mrw|saken}}
|{{Lang|mrw|(a)ko}}
|{{Lang|mrw|aken}}
|{{Lang|mrw|raken}}
|-
|you (singular)
|{{Lang|mrw|seka}}
|{{Lang|mrw|ka}}
|{{Lang|mrw|(ng)ka}}{{efn-la|May actually be {{Lang|mrw|eka}},<ref name="Lobel and Riwarung 2009b"/> and assimilates with the vowel before it, as in {{Lang|mrw|batî ika}} {{IPA|[ba.ti.ʔ=i.ka]|lang=mrw}} 'your brother-in-law', and {{Lang|mrw|babô oka}} {{IPA|[bɤ.bu.ʔ=u. ka]|lang=mrw}} 'your aunt'.
}}
|{{Lang|mrw|reka}}
|-
|he/she/it
|{{Lang|mrw|sekaniyan}}
|{{Lang|mrw|sekaniyan}}
|{{Lang|mrw|(n)iyan}}
|{{Lang|mrw|rekaniyan}}
|-
|we (dual)
|{{Lang|mrw|sekta}}
|{{Lang|mrw|ta}}
|{{Lang|mrw|ta}}
|{{Lang|mrw|rekta}}
|-
|we (including you)
|{{Lang|mrw|sektano}}
|{{Lang|mrw|tano}}
|{{Lang|mrw|tano}}
|{{Lang|mrw|rektano}}
|-
|we (excluding you)
|{{Lang|mrw|sekami}}
|{{Lang|mrw|kami}}
|{{Lang|mrw|(a)mi}}
|{{Lang|mrw|rekami}}
|-
|you (plural)
|{{Lang|mrw|sekano}}
|{{Lang|mrw|kano}}
|{{Lang|mrw|(n)iyo}}
|{{Lang|mrw|rekano}}
|-
|they
|{{Lang|mrw|siran}}
|{{Lang|mrw|siran}}
|{{Lang|mrw|(i)ran}}
|{{Lang|mrw|kiran}}
|}
{{notelist-la}}

=== Common words ===
Below are common words found in Maranao sentences, their translations in English, Cebuano, and Tagalog, and similar words in distant Philippine languages.
{| class="wikitable"
!Maranao
!Cebuano
!Tagalog
!Other PH regional language or dialect
!English
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|na}}
|{{Lang|ceb|kay}}
|{{Lang|tl|ay}}
|
|is
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|na}}
|{{Lang|ceb|dayon}}
|{{Lang|tl|tápos}}
|ampa ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|then
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|a}}
|{{Lang|ceb|nga}}
|{{Lang|tl|na}}
|
|that is
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|timan}}
|{{Lang|ceb|buok}}
|{{Lang|tl|piraso}}
|
|piece
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|den}}
|{{Lang|ceb|na}}
|{{Lang|tl|na}}
|{{Lang|krj|ren}} ([[Karay-a language|Kinaray-a]])
|already
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|pen}}
|{{Lang|ceb|pa}}
|{{Lang|tl|pa}}
|
|will, soon
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|di}}
|{{Lang|ceb|dili}}
|{{Lang|tl|hindi}}
|di' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|won't, isn't
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|da}}
|{{Lang|ceb|wala}}
|{{Lang|tl|hindi}}
|wala' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|didn't
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|da}}
|{{Lang|ceb|wala}}
|{{Lang|tl|wala}}
|way/waruun ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|nothing
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|aden}}
|{{Lang|ceb|adunay}}
|{{Lang|tl|mayroon}}
|awn ([[Tausug language|Tausug]]), adda ([[Ilocano language|Ilocano]])
|there is...
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|ino}}
|{{Lang|ceb|mao}}
|
|{{Lang|bcl|iyo}} ([[Central Bikol|Bikol-Naga]])
|it is such
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|ago}}
|{{Lang|ceb|ug}}
|{{Lang|tl|at}}
|iban ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|and
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|atawa}}
|{{Lang|ceb|kon}}, {{Lang|ceb|o}}
|{{Lang|tl|o}}
|atawa ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|or
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|ogaid}}
|{{Lang|ceb|apan}}, {{Lang|ceb|pero}}
|{{Lang|tl|ngunit}}, {{Lang|tl|subalit}}, {{Lang|tl|pero}}
|sa'/sagawa'/saga'/ malayngkan ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|however,  but
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|o di}}
|dili pud, dili sab
|hindi rin
|bukun isab/bukun sab ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|nor (?)
|-
|{{Lang|mrw|langun}}
|{{Lang|ceb|tanan}}
|{{Lang|tl|lahat}}
|katān ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|all
|-
|imanto
|karon
|ngayon
|bihaun ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|now
|-
|oway
|oo
|oo/opo
|huun ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|yes
|-
|sabap
|tungod, kay
|dahil, kasi
|sabab, kalna' or karna' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|because
|-
|seda
|isda
|isda
|ista' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|fish
|-
|sapi' 
|baka
|baka 
|sapi' ([[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]] & [[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|cow
|-
|pagari
|igsuon
|kapatid
|langgung, taymanghud ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|sibling
|-
|bago
|bag-o
|bago
|bagu ([[Tausug language|Tausug]]), baro ([[Ilocano language|Ilocano]])
|new
|-
|tahon
|tuig
|taon
|tahun ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|year
|-
|koda'
|kabayo
|kabayo
|kura' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|horse
|-
|sorab
|suwab
|talim
|sulab ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|blade
|-
|doniya'
|kalibotan
|mundo
|duniya' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|world
|-
|dalendeg
|dalugdog
|kulog
|dawgdug ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|thunder
|-
|sorga'
|langit
|langit
|sulga' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|heaven
|-
|narka', diyahanam
|impyerno
|impyerno
|nalka'/narka', jahanam ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|hell
|-
|mataed
|nindot, tsada
|maganda
|malingkat ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|nice, elegant
|-
|otin
|utin, tintin
|titi, uten
|utin ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|male genitalia, penis
|-
|papanok
|langgam
|ibon
|manuk-manuk ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|bird
|-
|diyandi'
|kasabotan, saad
|kasunduuan,  pangako
|janji' ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
|agreement, promise
|-
|ngaran
|ngalan
|ngalan/pangalan
|ngān ([[Tausug language|Tausug]])
nagan ([[Ilocano language|Ilocano]])
|name
|}