Editing Miniature (illuminated manuscript) (section)

===Arabic tradition===
{{main|Arabic miniature}} 
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Yahyâ ibn Mahmûd al-Wâsitî 005.jpg
| image2            = Irakischer Maler von 1287 001.jpg
| image3            = Kitab al-Aghani 01.jpg
| image4            = Maqamat hariri.jpg
| image5            = Maler der Geschichte von Bayâd und Riyâd 002.jpg
| footer            = Various examples of pages from Arabic illuminated manuscripts.
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'''Arabic miniatures''' ([[Arabic]]: الْمُنَمْنَمَات الْعَرَبِيَّة, ''Al-Munamnamāt al-ʿArabīyah'') are small [[painting]]s on [[paper]], usually book or manuscript illustrations but also sometimes separate artworks that occupy entire pages. The earliest example dates from around 690 AD, with a flourishing of the art from between 1000 and 1200 AD in the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid caliphate]]. The art form went through several stages of evolution while witnessing the fall and rise of several [[Caliphate|Islamic caliphates]]. Arab miniaturists absorbed [[Chinese art|Chinese]] and [[Persian art|Persian]] influences brought by the [[Mongol invasion of the Middle East|Mongol destructions]], and at last, got totally assimilated and subsequently disappeared due to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] occupation of the Arab world. Nearly all forms of Islamic miniatures ([[Persian miniature]]s, [[Ottoman miniature]]s and [[Mughal miniature]]s) owe their existences to Arabic miniatures, as Arab patrons were the first to demand the production of illuminated manuscripts in the Caliphate, it wasn't until the 14th century that the artistic skill reached the non-Arab regions of the Caliphate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mihram |first=Danielle |title=Research Guides: Medieval Studies and Research: Manuscripts: Art & Techniques |url=https://libguides.usc.edu/MedRenMSSandRareMatStudies/artandtechniques |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=libguides.usc.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref name=DavidCollection>{{cite web |title=Miniature Painting |url=https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/materials/miniatures |publisher=The David Collection |access-date=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="MMA1933">{{cite journal |title=Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination |journal=Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=October 1933 |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=166–171 |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3255467.pdf.bannered.pdf |access-date=2022-06-26 |archive-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406001359/https://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3255467.pdf.bannered.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=von Bothmer|first=Hans-Caspar |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/258068564 |title=Architekturbilder im Koran : eine Prachthandschrift der Umayyadenzeit aus dem Yemen |oclc=258068564}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dutton |first=Yasin |date=2016 |title=Review of Qur'ans of the Umayyads: A First Overview (Leiden Studies in Islam & Society), François Déroche |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44031130 |journal=Journal of Qur'anic Studies |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=153–157 |doi=10.3366/jqs.2016.0227 |jstor=44031130 |issn=1465-3591|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":2">''La Peinture arabe''</ref>

Despite the considerable changes in Arabic miniature style and technique, even during their last decades, the early [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] Arab influence could still be noticed. Arabic miniature artists include [[Ismail al-Jazari]], who illustrated his own ''Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices,''<ref name=Jazari>al-Jazari, ''The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices: Kitáb fí ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya'', transl. & anno. [[Donald Hill|Donald R. Hill]]. (1973), [[Springer Science+Business Media]].</ref> and the Abbasid artist, [[Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti|Yahya Al-Wasiti]], who probably lived in [[Baghdad]] in the late Abbasid era (12th to 13th-centuries), was one of the pre-eminent exponents of the Baghdad school. In 1236-1237, he is known to have transcribed and illustrated the book, ''[[Maqamat Badi' az-Zaman al-Hamadhani|Maqamat]]'' (also known as the ''Assemblies'' or the ''Sessions''), a series of anecdotes of social satire written by [[Al-Hariri of Basra]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Baghdad school – Islamic art|encyclopedia=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Baghdad-school |access-date=2022-05-23 |publisher=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The narrative concerns the travels of a middle-aged man as he uses his charm and eloquence to swindle his way across the Arabic world.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315121970 |title=Art, Awakening, and Modernity in the Middle East |date=2017-11-22 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315121970 |isbn=978-1-315-12197-0 |editor-last=Esanu |editor-first=Octavian}}</ref>

With most surviving Arabic [[manuscript]]s in western museums,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-30 |title=الكنوز الضائعة.. هكذا انتقلت أشهر المخطوطات العربية إلى مكتبات العالم المختلفة |url=https://www.sasapost.com/arabic-manuscripts-in-foreign-libraries/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=ساسة بوست}}</ref> Arabic miniatures occupy very little space in modern Arab culture.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thābit |first1=Mahmūd |last2=Albin |first2=Michael W. |date=1977 |title=The Tragedy of Arabic Manuscripts, (1) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29785032 |journal=MELA Notes |issue=12 |pages=16–19 |jstor=29785032 |issn=0364-2410}}</ref>