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Montreal Protocol
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== 25th anniversary celebrations == The year 2012 marked the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Montreal Protocol. Accordingly, the Montreal Protocol community organized a range of celebrations at the national, regional and international levels to publicize its considerable success to date and to consider the work ahead for the future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/ozone_day_details.php |title=Ozone Secretariat 25th Anniversary web page |publisher=Ozone.unep.org |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625195246/http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/ozone_day_details.php |archive-date=25 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among its accomplishments are: *The Montreal Protocol was the first international treaty to address a global environmental regulatory challenge; *the first to embrace the "precautionary principle" in its design for science-based policymaking; *the first treaty where independent experts on atmospheric science, environmental impacts, chemical technology, and economics, reported directly to parties, without edit or censorship, functioning under norms of professionalism, peer review, and respect; *the first to provide for national differences in responsibility and financial capacity to respond by establishing a multilateral fund for technology transfer; the first MEA with stringent reporting, trade, and binding chemical phase-out obligations for both developed and developing countries; and, *the first treaty with a financial mechanism managed democratically by an executive board with equal representation by developed and developing countries.<ref>Canan, Penelope and Nancy Reichman (2013), "The Montreal Protocol" in J. Britt Holbrook (Chief Editor) Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: An International Resource, 2nd Edition, Thompson Learning. </ref> Within 25 years of signing, parties to the MP celebrate significant milestones. Significantly, the world has phased-out 98% of the Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) contained in nearly 100 hazardous chemicals worldwide; every country is in compliance with stringent obligations; and, the MP has achieved the status of the first global regime with universal ratification; even the newest member state, South Sudan, ratified in 2013. UNEP received accolades for achieving global consensus that "demonstrates the worldโs commitment to ozone protection, and more broadly, to global environmental protection".<ref>ozone.unep.org</ref>
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