Editing Morning sickness (section)

===Thalidomide===
{{Main|Thalidomide scandal}}
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of [[thalidomide]] in 46 countries by women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant resulted in the "biggest man‐made medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as [[phocomelia]], as well as thousands of miscarriages.<ref>Vargesson, Neil. “Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms.” Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews vol. 105,2 (2015): 140–56. doi:10.1002/bdrc.21096</ref><ref name="Bren">{{cite news | author = Bren L | title =Frances Oldham Kelsey: FDA Medical Reviewer Leaves Her Mark on History | url =http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps1609/www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/201_kelsey.html | work =FDA Consumer|publisher =U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] | date =28 February 2001 | access-date =23 December 2009}}</ref>

Thalidomide was introduced in 1953 as a tranquilizer, and was later marketed by the German pharmaceutical company [[Grünenthal GmbH|Chemie Grünenthal]] under the [[trade name]] '''Contergan''' as a medication for [[anxiety]], [[insomnia|trouble sleeping]], "tension", and morning sickness.<ref name=Mill1991>{{cite journal | last = Miller | first = Marylin T. | name-list-style = vanc | title = Thalidomide Embryopathy: A Model for the Study of Congenital Incomitant Horizontal Strabismus | journal = Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society | year = 1991 | volume = 81 | pages = 623–674 | pmid = 1808819 | pmc = 1298636 }}</ref><ref name=Lou2004>{{cite book |last1=Loue |first1=Sana |last2=Sajatovic |first2=Martha | name-list-style = vanc |title=Encyclopedia of Women's Health |date=2004 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9780306480737 |pages=643–644 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LbHWgd-mDbsC&pg=PA644 |language=en}}</ref> It was introduced as a sedative and medication for morning sickness without having been tested on pregnant women.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sneader|first1=Walter | name-list-style = vanc |title=Drug discovery: a history|url=https://archive.org/details/drugdiscoveryhis00snea|url-access=limited|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=978-0-471-89979-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/drugdiscoveryhis00snea/page/n380 367]|edition=Rev. and updated}}</ref> While initially deemed to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects were noted in 1961, and the medication was removed from the market in Europe that year.<ref name=Mill1991/><ref name=OUP2003>{{cite book | title = The Oxford Companion to the Body | last = Cuthbert | first = Alan | name-list-style = vanc | year = 2003 | publisher = Oxford University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_z0k4/page/682 | doi = 10.1093/acref/9780198524038.001.0001 | isbn = 9780198524038 | url-access = registration | page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_z0k4/page/682 682] }}</ref>