Editing Muscle memory (section)

===Music memory===
[[File:Playing the piano.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Bimanual synchronized finger movements play an essential role in piano playing.|Playing the piano requires complex actions.]]  
Fine motor skills are very important in playing musical instruments. Muscle memory is relied on when playing the clarinet, specifically to help create special effects through certain tongue movements when blowing air into the instrument.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fritz | first1 = C. | last2 = Wolfe | first2 = J. | year = 2005 | title = How do clarinet players adjust the resonances of their vocal tracts for different playing effects? | journal = Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 118 | issue = 5| pages = 3306–3315 | doi=10.1121/1.2041287| pmid = 16334701 | arxiv = physics/0505195 | bibcode = 2005ASAJ..118.3306F | s2cid = 1814740 }}</ref>

Certain human behaviours, especially actions like the finger movements in musical performances, are very complex and require many interconnected neural networks where information can be transmitted across multiple brain regions.<ref name = "Kim">{{cite journal | last1 = Kim | first1 = D. | last2 = Shin | first2 = M. | last3 = Lee | first3 = K. | last4 = Chu | first4 = K. | last5 = Woo | first5 = S. | last6 = Kim | first6 = Y. | last7 = Song | first7 = E. | last8 = Lee | first8 = Jun | last9 = Park | first9 = S. | last10 = Roh | first10 = J. | year = 2004 | title = Musical Training-Induced Functional Reorganization of the Adult Brain: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study on Amateur String Players | journal = Human Brain Mapping | volume = 23 | issue = 4| pages = 188–199 | doi=10.1002/hbm.20058| pmid = 15449354 | pmc = 6871859 }}</ref>  It has been found that there are often functional differences in the brains of professional musicians, when compared to other individuals. This is thought to reflect the musician's innate ability, which may be fostered by an early exposure to musical training.<ref name = "Kim" /> An example of this is bimanual synchronized finger movements, which play an essential role in piano playing. It is suggested that bimanual coordination can come only from years of bimanual training, where such actions become adaptations of the motor areas.<ref name = "Haslinger">{{cite journal | last1 = Haslinger | first1 = B. | last2 = Erhard | first2 = P. | last3 = Altenmüller | first3 = E. | last4 = Hennenlotter | first4 = A. | last5 = Schwaiger | first5 = M. | last6 = von Einsiedel | first6 = H. G. | last7 = Rummeny | first7 = E. | last8 = Conrad | first8 = B. | last9 = Ceballos-Baumann | first9 = A. O. | year = 2004 | title = Reduced Recruitment of Motor Association Areas During Bimanual Coordination in Concert Pianists | journal = Human Brain Mapping | volume = 22 | issue = 3| pages = 206–215 | doi=10.1002/hbm.20028| pmid = 15195287 | pmc = 6871883 }}</ref> When comparing professional musicians to a control group in complex bimanual movements, professionals are found to use an extensive motor network much less than those non-professionals.<ref name = "Haslinger" /> This is because professionals rely on a motor system that has increased efficiency, and, therefore, those less trained have a network that is more strongly activated.<ref name = "Haslinger" />  It is implied that the untrained pianists have to invest more neuronal activity to have the same level of performance that is achieved by professionals.<ref name = "Haslinger" /> This, yet again, is said to be a consequence of many years of motor training and experience that helps form a fine motor memory skill of musical performance.

It is often reported that, when a pianist hears a well-trained piece of music, synonymous fingering can be involuntarily triggered.<ref name = "Kim" /> This implies that there is a coupling between the perception of music and the motor activity of those musically trained individuals.<ref name = "Kim" /> Therefore, one's muscle memory in the context of music can easily be triggered when one hears certain familiar pieces. Overall, long-term musical fine motor training allows for complex actions to be performed at a lower level of movement control, monitoring, selection, attention, and timing.<ref name = "Haslinger" /> This leaves room for musicians to focus attention synchronously elsewhere, such as on the artistic aspect of the performance, without having to consciously control one's fine motor actions.<ref name = "Haslinger" />