Editing Myeloid sarcoma (section)

== History ==
The condition now known as chloroma was first described by the [[British people|British]] [[physician]] A. Burns in 1811,<ref>{{cite book |author=Burns A |title=Observations of surgical anatomy, in Head and Neck |publisher=Royce |location=London |year=1811 |page=364 }}</ref> although the term ''chloroma'' did not appear until 1853.<ref>{{cite journal |author=King A |title=A case of chloroma |journal=Monthly J Med |volume=17 |pages=340–53 |year=1853 |pmid=16693015 |pmc=1315481 }}</ref> This name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''chloros'' (green), as these tumors often have a green tint due to the presence of [[myeloperoxidase]]. The link between chloroma and [[acute leukemia]] was first recognized in 1902 by Dock and Warthin.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Dock G, Warthin AS |title=A new case of chloroma with leukemia |journal=Trans Assoc Am Phys |volume=19 |issue=64 |pages=115 |year=1904 }}</ref> However, because up to 30% of these tumors can be white, gray, or brown rather than green, the more correct term ''granulocytic sarcoma'' was proposed by Rappaport in 1967<ref>{{cite book |author=Rappaport H |chapter=Tumors of the hematopoietic system |title=Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Section III, Fascicle 8 |publisher=Armed Forces Institute of Pathology |location=Washington DC |year=1967 |pages=241–7 }}</ref> and has since become virtually synonymous with the term ''chloroma''.

Currently, any extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia can be termed a granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma. Specific terms which overlap with granulocytic sarcoma include:
* '''Leukemia cutis''', describing infiltration of the [[dermis]] (skin) by leukemic cells, which is also referred to as cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma.
* '''Meningeal leukemia''', or invasion of the [[subarachnoid space]] by leukemic cells, is usually considered distinct from chloroma, although very rarely occurring solid [[central nervous system]] tumors composed of leukemic cells can be termed chloromas.

In recent years, the term "myeloid sarcoma" has been favored.<ref name="pmid18606981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chevallier P, Mohty M, Lioure B, etal |title=Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Myeloid Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study From the SFGM-TC |journal=J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=26 |issue=30 |pages=4940–3 |date=July 2008 |pmid=18606981 |doi=10.1200/JCO.2007.15.6315 }}</ref>