Editing NICAM (section)

=== NICAM carrier power ===
ITU (and CCITT) standards specify that the power level of the NICAM signal should be at -20&nbsp;dB with respect to the power of the vision carrier.
* The level of the FM mono sound carrier must be at least -13&nbsp;dB.
* Measuring the modulation level of the NICAM signal is difficult because the QPSK NICAM carrier waveform (unlike AM or FM modulated carrier waveforms) is not emitted at a discrete frequency.

When measured with spectrum analyser the actual level of the carrier
(L) can be calculated using the following formula:

L(NICAM) = L(Measured) + 10 log (R/BWAnalyser) + K

# L(NICAM) = actual level of the NICAM carrier [dBμV]
# L(Measured) = measured level of the NICAM carrier [dBμV]
# R = -3&nbsp;dB bandwidth of the signal [kHz]
# BWAnalyser = bandwidth of the spectrum analyser [kHz]
# K = logarithmic form factor of the spectrum analyser ~2&nbsp;dB

note: if BWAnalyser is greater than R, the formula becomes L(NICAM) = L(Measured) + K