Editing Normal school (section)

=== United Kingdom ===
In the United Kingdom, teacher training colleges were once named as such, and were independent institutions.<ref>Christine Heward, "Men and women and the rise of professional society: the intriguing history of teacher educators" ''History of Education'' (1993), 22:1, 11–32, in Great Britain in 19th century. {{doi|10.1080/0046760930220102}}</ref><ref>H. C. Dent, ''The Training of Teachers in England and Wales 1800–1975'' (1975)</ref>

Following the recommendation of the 1963 ''[[Robbins Report]]'' into [[higher education]], teacher training colleges were renamed "Colleges of Education". Later in the 20th century some became a "College of Higher Education" or an "Institute of Higher Education".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southwales.ac.uk/documents/429/Memories_of_Caerleon_-_final.pdf|title=Memories of Caerleon|publisher=[[University of South Wales]]|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812155911/http://c/|archive-date=12 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> For information about academic divisions devoted to this field outside of the United States and Canada, see [[Postgraduate Training in Education (disambiguation)]].

A restructuring of higher education in the UK during the first two decades of the 21st century resulted in some establishments taking the status of "university". The [[University of Chester]], founded by the [[Anglicanism|Anglican church]], traces its roots back to 1839 as the earliest training college in the United Kingdom. Others were also established by religious institutions, and most were single-sex until [[World War II]]. Since then, they have either become multi-discipline universities in their own right (e.g. [[Bishop Grosseteste University]]; University of Chester; [[Edge Hill University]]; [[St Mary's University, Twickenham]]; [[Newman University, Birmingham]]; [[Plymouth Marjon University]]; [[University of Winchester]]; [[University of Worcester]]; [[York St John University]]) or merged with another university to become its faculty of education (e.g. [[Moray House]]).

In [[Wales]], there were at least three institutions which included the word "Normal" in their name: Normal School, Brecon,<ref>{{cite web |title=The normal school: by A. Wells. The model school: by W.J. Unwin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVkEAAAAQAAJ&q=Normal+School+Brecon&pg=RA1-PA107|last1 = Wells|first1 = Algernon|year = 1849}}</ref> subsequently relocated to become Normal College Swansea<ref>[[:commons:File:The_Normal_college_for_Wales_at_Swansea.jpeg|Image of the Normal College Swansea ]]{{Circular reference|date=December 2024}}</ref> (where the academic and mathematician [[John Viriamu Jones]] was educated); and [[Bangor Normal College|Normal College, Bangor]] (founded 1858), which survived until 1996, when it became part of [[University of Wales Bangor]]. The latter was one of the last institutions in the UK to retain the word "Normal" in its name.