Editing Optical coherence tomography (section)

=== Line-field OCT ===
Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is an imaging technique based on the principle of time-domain OCT with line illumination using a broadband laser and line detection using a line-scan camera.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dubois A, Levecq O, Azimani H, Davis A, Ogien J, Siret D, Barut A | title = Line-field confocal time-domain optical coherence tomography with dynamic focusing | journal = Optics Express | volume = 26 | issue = 26 | pages = 33534–33542 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30650800 | doi = 10.1364/OE.26.033534 | bibcode = 2018OExpr..2633534D | doi-access = free }}</ref> LC-OCT produces B-scans in real-time from multiple A-scans acquired in parallel. En face as well as three-dimensional images can also be obtained by scanning the illumination line laterally.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ogien J, Levecq O, Azimani H, Dubois A | title = Dual-mode line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh-resolution vertical and horizontal section imaging of human skin ''in vivo'' | language = EN | journal = Biomedical Optics Express | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 1327–1335 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32206413 | pmc = 7075601 | doi = 10.1364/BOE.385303 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ogien J, Daures A, Cazalas M, Perrot JL, Dubois A | title = Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional skin imaging | journal = Frontiers of Optoelectronics | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = 381–392 | date = December 2020 | pmid = 36641566 | pmc = 9743950 | doi = 10.1007/s12200-020-1096-x | s2cid = 234456595 }}</ref> The focus is continuously adjusted during the scan of the sample depth, using a high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objective to image with high lateral resolution. By using a supercontinuum laser as a light source, a quasi-isotropic spatial resolution of ~ 1&nbsp;μm is achieved at a central wavelength of ~ 800&nbsp;nm. On the other hand, line illumination and detection, combined with the use of a high NA microscope objective, produce a confocal gate that prevents most scattered light that does not contribute to the signal from being detected by the camera. This confocal gate, which is absent in the full-field OCT technique, gives LC-OCT an advantage in terms of detection sensitivity and penetration in highly scattering media such as skin tissues.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen Y, Huang SW, Aguirre AD, Fujimoto JG | title = High-resolution line-scanning optical coherence microscopy | journal = Optics Letters | volume = 32 | issue = 14 | pages = 1971–1973 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17632613 | doi = 10.1364/OL.32.001971 | bibcode = 2007OptL...32.1971C }}</ref> So far this technique has been used mainly for skin imaging in the fields of dermatology<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dubois A, Levecq O, Azimani H, Siret D, Barut A, Suppa M, Del Marmol V, Malvehy J, Cinotti E, Rubegni P, Perrot JL | display-authors = 6 | title = Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for high-resolution noninvasive imaging of skin tumors | journal = Journal of Biomedical Optics | volume = 23 | issue = 10 | pages = 1–9 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 30353716 | doi = 10.1117/1.JBO.23.10.106007 | bibcode = 2018JBO....23j6007D | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ruini C, Schuh S, Gust C, Kendziora B, Frommherz L, French LE, Hartmann D, Welzel J, Sattler E | display-authors = 6 | title = Line-field optical coherence tomography: in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma subtypes compared with histopathology | journal = Clinical and Experimental Dermatology | volume = 46 | issue = 8 | pages = 1471–1481 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34047380 | doi = 10.1111/ced.14762 | s2cid = 235232158 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11380/1259112 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Suppa M, Fontaine M, Dejonckheere G, Cinotti E, Yélamos O, Diet G, Tognetti L, Miyamoto M, Orte Cano C, Perez-Anker J, Panagiotou V, Trepant AL, Monnier J, Berot V, Puig S, Rubegni P, Malvehy J, Perrot JL, Del Marmol V | display-authors = 6 | title = Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography of basal cell carcinoma: a descriptive study | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 35 | issue = 5 | pages = 1099–1110 | date = May 2021 | pmid = 33398911 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17078 | s2cid = 230583854 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cinotti E, Tognetti L, Cartocci A, Lamberti A, Gherbassi S, Orte Cano C, Lenoir C, Dejonckheere G, Diet G, Fontaine M, Miyamoto M, Perez-Anker J, Solmi V, Malvehy J, Del Marmol V, Perrot JL, Rubegni P, Suppa M | display-authors = 6 | title = Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma: a descriptive study | journal = Clinical and Experimental Dermatology | volume = 46 | issue = 8 | pages = 1530–1541 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34115900 | pmc = 9293459 | doi = 10.1111/ced.14801 | s2cid = 235411841 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lenoir C, Cinotti E, Tognetti L, Orte Cano C, Diet G, Miyamoto M, Rocq L, Trépant AL, Perez-Anker J, Puig S, Malvehy J, Rubegni P, Perrot JL, Del Marmol V, Suppa M | display-authors = 6 | title = Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography of actinic keratosis: a case series | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 35 | issue = 12 | pages = e900–e902 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34310768 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17548 | s2cid = 236452537 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ruini C, Schuh S, Gust C, Kendziora B, Frommherz L, French LE, Hartmann D, Welzel J, Sattler EC | display-authors = 6 | title = Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for the in vivo real-time diagnosis of different stages of keratinocyte skin cancer: a preliminary study | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 35 | issue = 12 | pages = 2388–2397 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34415646 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17603 | s2cid = 237241412 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11380/1259110 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> and cosmetology.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedrazzani M, Breugnot J, Rouaud-Tinguely P, Cazalas M, Davis A, Bordes S, Dubois A, Closs B | display-authors = 6 | title = Comparison of line-field confocal optical coherence tomography images with histological sections: Validation of a new method for in vivo and non-invasive quantification of superficial dermis thickness | journal = Skin Research and Technology | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 398–404 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 31799766 | doi = 10.1111/srt.12815 | s2cid = 208622348 }}</ref>