Editing Organizational theory (section)

=== Scientific management ===
{{Main article|Scientific management|The Principles of Scientific Management}}

The scientific management theory was introduced by [[Frederick Winslow Taylor]] to encourage production efficiency and productivity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hertz|first1=D.|last2=Livingston|first2=R.|year=1950|title=Contemporary Organizational theory: A review of current concepts and methods|journal=Human Relations|volume=3|issue=4|pages=373–394|doi=10.1177/001872675000300403|s2cid=145470263}}</ref> Taylor argues that inefficiencies could be controlled through managing production as a science. Taylor defines scientific management as "concerned with knowing exactly what you want men to do and then see in that they do it in the best and cheapest way."<ref name="Taylor">[[F. W. Taylor|Taylor, F. W.]] 1911. ''[[The Principles of Scientific Management]]''. New York: Harper Brothers.</ref> According to Taylor, scientific management affects both workers and employers, and stresses control of the [[labor force]] by management.

Taylor identifies four inherent principles of the scientific management theory:<ref name="Taylor" />

# The creation of a scientific method of measurement that replaces the "[[Rule of thumb|rule-of-thumb]]" method
# Emphasis placed on the training of workers by management
# Cooperation between manager and workers to ensure aforementioned principles are being met
# Equal [[division of labor]] between managers and workers