Editing Paradoxical reaction (section)

===Diphenhydramine===
[[Diphenhydramine]] (often referred to by the trade name [[Benadryl]]) is an [[anticholinergic]] [[antihistamine]] medicine commonly used to treat allergic reactions and symptoms of a [[common cold]], such as [[cough]]ing. Its central antihistaminergic properties also cause it to act as a [[sedative]], and for this reason it is also used to treat [[insomnia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-21 |title=Diphenhydramine: drowsy (sedating) antihistamine |url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/diphenhydramine/ |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=nhs.uk |language=en}}</ref> Diphenhydramine is also used off-label for its sedative properties, particularly by parents seeking to make their children sedated or sleep during [[long-haul flight]]s. This use of diphenhydramine has been criticized for a number of reasons, ranging from ethical to safety concerns,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why It's Time to Rethink Our Use of Benadryl |url=https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2020/04/benadryl |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=www.nationwidechildrens.org |language=en}}</ref> but also due to the risk of diphenhydramine's paradoxical reaction, which induces hyperactivity and [[irritability]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shubailat |first=Nadine |title=Benadryl Baby: Should You Give Allergy Drugs to Calm Kids Before Flying? |url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/lifestyle/2012/05/benadryl-baby-should-you-give-allergy-drugs-to-calm-kids-before-flying |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> This phenomenon can also be observed in adults who use the medication as a sleep aid. The prevalence of this paradoxical reaction is unknown, but research into the phenomenon suggests that it may be as a result of the medicine's interactions with the [[CYP2D6|CYP2D6 enzyme]], and that a [[metabolite]] of diphenhydramine may be to blame.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Leon |first1=Jose |last2=Nikoloff |first2=D. Michele |date=February 2008 |title=Paradoxical excitation on diphenhydramine may be associated with being a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer: three case reports |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18227744/ |journal=CNS Spectrums |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=133–135 |doi=10.1017/s109285290001628x |issn=1092-8529 |pmid=18227744|s2cid=10856872 }}</ref>