Editing Plant-based diet (section)

=== Cardiovascular diseases ===
A 2022 review of [[Prospective cohort study|prospective cohort studies]] showed that vegetarian diets are associated with a 15% reduced risk of [[cardiovascular diseases]] and 21% reduced risk in [[coronary artery disease]], but with no effect on the risk of [[stroke]]; for vegan diets, only a reduced risk in coronary artery disease was found.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dybvik |first1=Jarle Sæby |last2=Svendsen |first2=Mette |last3=Aune |first3=Dagfinn |date=27 August 2022 |title=Vegetarian and vegan diets and the risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies |journal=European Journal of Nutrition |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=51–69 |doi=10.1007/s00394-022-02942-8 |issn=1436-6215 |pmid=36030329 |pmc=9899747 |s2cid=251866952}}</ref>

Other reviews found that plant-based diets, including vegan and vegetarian diets, may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases,<ref name=sajita/><ref name=hemler/> including [[blood pressure]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gibbs |first1=Joshua |last2=Gaskin |first2=Eleanor |last3=Ji |first3=Chen |last4=Miller |first4=Michelle A. |last5=Cappuccio |first5=Francesco P. |date=January 2021 |title=The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials |url= http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/138736/13/WRAP-effect-plant-based-dietary-patterns-blood-pressure-Cappuccio-2020.pdf|journal=Journal of Hypertension |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=23–37 |doi=10.1097/HJH.0000000000002604 |issn=1473-5598 |pmid=33275398|s2cid=225483653 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yokoyama |first1=Yoko |last2=Nishimura |first2=Kunihiro |last3=Barnard |first3=Neal D. |last4=Takegami |first4=Misa |last5=Watanabe |first5=Makoto |last6=Sekikawa |first6=Akira |last7=Okamura |first7=Tomonori |last8=Miyamoto |first8=Yoshihiro |date=April 2014 |title=Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |volume=174 |issue=4 |pages=577–587 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14547 |issn=2168-6114 |pmid=24566947}}</ref> and [[Blood lipids|blood lipid levels]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yokoyama |first1=Yoko |last2=Levin |first2=Susan M. |last3=Barnard |first3=Neal D. |date=1 September 2017 |title=Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrition Reviews |volume=75 |issue=9 |pages=683–698 |doi=10.1093/nutrit/nux030 |issn=1753-4887 |pmc=5914369 |pmid=28938794}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Fenglei |last2=Zheng |first2=Jusheng |last3=Yang |first3=Bo |last4=Jiang |first4=Jiajing |last5=Fu |first5=Yuanqing |last6=Li |first6=Duo |date=27 October 2015 |title=Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |journal=Journal of the American Heart Association |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=e002408 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.115.002408 |issn=2047-9980 |pmc=4845138 |pmid=26508743}}</ref> [[Randomized clinical trial]]s also showed that the reduction in blood pressure (about 4 mmHg) associated with a vegan diet ''without'' caloric restrictions is comparable to reductions observed with dietary practices recommended by medical societies and use of portion-controlled diets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lopez |first1=Persio D. |last2=Cativo |first2=Eder H. |last3=Atlas |first3=Steven A. |last4=Rosendorff |first4=Clive |date=July 2019 |title=The Effect of Vegan Diets on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=The American Journal of Medicine |volume=132 |issue=7 |pages=875–883.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.01.044 |issn=1555-7162 |pmid=30851264|s2cid=73498903 }}</ref>

Preliminary evidence indicates that people on a long-term vegan diet show improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Benatar |first1=Jocelyne R. |last2=Stewart |first2=Ralph A. H. |date=2018 |title=Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=e0209086 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0209086 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=6301673 |pmid=30571724|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1309086B |doi-access=free }}</ref>