Editing Pontiac V8 engine (section)

===389===
[[File:1960 Pontiac Venture engine - 389 cid V8 (14115314547).jpg|thumb|{{cvt|389|cid|L|1}} dual quad engine in a 1960 [[Pontiac Ventura]]]]

For 1959 the V8's [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]] was increased to {{cvt|3+3/4|in|mm|1}}, raising [[Engine displacement|displacement]] to {{cvt|389|cuin|L|1}} and the [[main bearing]] size was increased to 3.00 inches. The large increase in the main bearing size was due to replacing the forged crankshafts for all engines except the SD racing versions with the introduction of an "Armasteel" cast steel crankshaft;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pontiac V-8 Crankshafts |url=http://www.pontiacpower.org/PontiacCranks.htm |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=www.pontiacpower.org}}</ref> and the engineers being very conservative in how strong the cast crankshaft would prove to be. The "Armasteel" cast crankshaft was the first cast crankshaft introduced by any of the Detroit automakers and the standard hardened cast-iron crankshaft used throughout the entire Pontiac V-8 line until 1967. "Armasteel" was a trademark of pearlitic [[malleable iron]] developed by GM's [[Saginaw Metal Casting Operations]] around 1936, which was referred to as "locking ball" cast-iron, as opposed to the "flaking" type found in other engines. In 1967, Pontiac moved on to a technologically simpler [[Ductile iron|nodular cast iron]] (invented in late 1940s) crankshaft, which they continued to use until the Pontiac V8 engine was discontinued in 1982.The SD racing program was the source of factory supplied performance items such as 4 bolt main bearing caps and [[windage]] trays to reduce [[friction]] from [[crankcase]] [[Motor oil|oil]]. The 389 would remain the standard Pontiac [[V8 engine]] through 1966, offered in a bewildering variety of outputs ranging from {{cvt|215|to|368|hp|kW|0}}. The 389 was the standard engine for the [[Pontiac Grand Prix]] and [[Pontiac Bonneville]] and installed in the [[Pontiac GTO]] through 1966. Beginning in 1961 the Pontiac V-8 (389 and 421) was dubbed the '''Trophy V-8''', due to its many victories in racing.

====Trophy 4====
Perhaps the most unusual variation of the Pontiac V8 was the 1961-63 ''[[Pontiac Trophy 4 engine|Trophy 4]]'', which was a 45-degree inclined {{cvt|194.43|cuin|L|1}} [[inline-4]] created from the right bank of the 389 for the debut of the [[Pontiac Tempest|Tempest]]. With an identical bore and stroke of {{cvt|4+1/16|in|mm|1}} and {{cvt|3+3/4|in|mm|1}} it was precisely half the displacement of the 389 and shared numerous parts with the V8,<ref name=hemmings>[https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hmn/2010/08/1961--63-Pontiac-Trophy-4/3632031.html 1961-'63 Pontiac Trophy 4, ''Hemmings Motor News'' August, 2010]</ref> yet weighed considerably more than half as the engine lower half and block casting were not simply divided down the middle.