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Problem of Hell
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===The inhabitants of Hell=== Muslims and Islamic scholars disagree over [[Jahannam#Inmates|who will be consigned to Jahannam]]. A common concern is the fate of non-Muslims and if they will be punished for not belonging to the ''right'' religion. An often-recited [[Quran]]ic verse implies that righteous non-Muslims will be saved on [[Islamic eschatology|Judgement Day]]: :Indeed, those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabians—those who believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness—will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve. {{cite quran|2|62|s=ns|b=n}} However some scholars hold this verse may be set aside as only applying before the arrival of [[Muhammad]],<ref>David Marshall ''Communicating the Word: Revelation, Translation, and Interpretation in Christianity and Islam'' Georgetown University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-1-589-01803-7}} p. 8</ref> as there "exists a strong exegetical tradition" that claims that verse and others suggesting non-Muslims may be saved, were abrogated by a later verse indicating a much less pleasant hereafter: :"... .whoever desires a religion other than Islam, it shall not be accepted from him, and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers." (Q.3:85)<ref name="Acar 2008, esp. 299-304">Acar, Ismail. 2008. "Theological Foundations of Religious Tolerance in Ismal: A Quranic Perspective." In J. Neusner and B. Chilton (eds.), ''Religious Tolerance in World Religions'', West Conschocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press, 297–313, esp. 299–304</ref><ref name=ETISN2009:414>[[#ETISN2009|Thomassen, "Islamic Hell", Numen, 56, 2009]]: p. 414</ref> Some non-pluralist scholars like [[Ibn Arabi]] state that every human will receive a proper message and will not be doomed for ignorance, while others claim non-Muslims are judged by their own moral standards, because of God's all-embracing mercy.<ref>Adis Duderija. ''The Imperatives of Progressive Islam'', {{ISBN|978-1-315-43883-2}} p. 58</ref> Another criterion to determine the justice of Hell's punishment derives from its duration, on which Islamic scholars disagree. The orthodox view holds that Hell is eternal, others hold that Hell exists to purify rather than inflict pain,<ref>Christian Lange. ''Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions'' Cambridge University Press 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-316-41205-3}} p. 170</ref> and may even cease to exist after a while. With the increasing urgency of [[Religious pluralism|pluralism]], modern writers such as [[Edip Yüksel]] and [[Mouhanad Khorchide]] hold Hell to be finite rather than eternal: Yüksel argues that evildoers will be punished in Hell for an appropriate period then cease to exist, so that their suffering (which is described in the [[Quran]] and is balanced with descriptions of heaven) will be only a [[justice|just]] amount.<ref name=Yuksel>[http://19.org/blog/hell/ Eternal Hell and a Merciful God] Edip Yüksel, 2003</ref>
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