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Problem of induction
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===John Maynard Keynes=== In his ''[[A Treatise on Probability|Treatise on Probability]]'', [[John Maynard Keynes]] notes: <blockquote>An inductive argument affirms, not that a certain matter of fact is so, but that relative to certain evidence there is a probability in its favour. The validity of the induction, relative to the original evidence, is not upset, therefore, if, as a fact, the truth turns out to be otherwise.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Keynes |first1=John Maynard |title=A Treatise on Probability |date=1921 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonprobab007528mbp/page/n9/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref></blockquote> This approach was endorsed by [[Bertrand Russell]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=Bertrand |title=Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits |date=1948 |publisher=George Allen and Unwin |location=London |pages=397}}</ref>
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